Fortuatha


The Fortuatha were a Medieval Irish people.

Definition

In Irish Kings and High Kings, Francis John Byrne defines Fortuatha as "kingdoms not ruled directly by members of the dominant dynasty of a province". T. F. O'Rahilly in Early Irish History and Mythology states Fortuatha "means in effect people belonging to a different stock from that of the rulers of the territory", yet sometimes enjoying a position of favour with the ruling people.

Fortuatha groups

Population-groups termed fortuatha included the Calraige, Ciarraige, Corca Fhir Trí, Delbhna, Déisi, Gailenga, Grecraige, Luighne, Masraige and Setantii.
The status of each population-group could differ from one part of the island to another, with some fortuatha being class as Aithechthúatha in other regions.
In Leinster, some reckoned among the Fortuatha had previously held the provincial kingship. This was the Dál Messin Corb and its principal septs, the Uí Garrchon and the Uí Enechglaiss.

''The Fortuatha''

The Fothairt are referenced in Leabhar Ua Maine. Their genealogies are preserved in Leabhar na nGenealach, the Great Book of Lecan, Bodleian Library, MS Rawlinson B 502, and/or Bodleian Library, MS Rawlinson B 512.

History

writes that "The Fothairt were the original population group around the site of Bridgit's monastery at Kildare", further stating that the Uí Ercáin, a branch of the Uí Meic Cruaich "are remembered in the 'Vita Tripartia' as having been specially favoured by Patrick, who blessed them and their king, Fergnae mac Cobthaig, who is also mentioned in the life of Fintan/Munnu of Tagmon, where he encounters the saint in campo Lyffi.".
The kingship of Leinster was held from the mid-8th century to 1042 by the Uí Dúnlainge, who bolstered their early gains "by means of political marriage with Sárnat, daughter of Eochu mac Baíth of the Fothairt". A branch of the Forthairt, the Uí Brigti, explicitly claimed a connection with Bridgit. In addition, two kings of Forthairt, Fergus mac Móenaig and Dub dá Chrich mac aui Cellaig mec Triein, "as well as 'many others, omitted for the sake of brevity'", were killed at the battle of Ath Senaig in 738 as supporters of King Áed of Leinster.
Despite their political eclipse, the Fothairt "continued to supply leading clergy to Kildare. To Ui Chúlduib... belonged the two abbesses, Muirenn and Eithne ; to the obscure Forthair Airbrech belonged the earlier abess, Sebdann and another Kildare ecclesiastic ; while two further abbesses, Coblaith and Muirenn, belonged to an ecclesiastical branch of Forthairt Fea. And it is highly probable that many other Kildare clerics, whose origins cannot be established with certainty, belonged to Fotharta." Indeed, the Uí Ercáin were noted in the 'Tripartite Life' as being blessed by Saint Patrick, who promised them that not only would they never be subjects of an "outside" king, but that "they have their own brithemnas, capacity of judging and being judged, in their own territory. *

People

Among the early medieval Irish were many notable people whose population-group were classed as Fortuatha. They included:
All quotes from the Annals of the Four Masters, unless otherwise stated.