Francis Derwent Wood
Francis Derwent Wood was a British sculptor.
Biography
Early life
Wood studied in Germany and returned to London in 1887 to work under Édouard Lantéri and Sir Thomas Brock; he taught at the Glasgow School of Art from 1897 through to 1905 and was professor of sculpture at the Royal College of Art from 1918 through to 1923. He was elected to the Royal Academy in 1920. He produced a good deal of architectural sculpture typical of the time, including four large roof figures for the Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum in Glasgow, the British Linen Bank also in Glasgow, and the Britannic House in London for architect Sir Edwin Lutyens. Freestanding sculptures by him may also be seen in various galleries, such as his 1907 Atalanta,World War One
When he was too old to enlist in the Army at the onset of World War I, Wood volunteered in the hospital wards and his exposure to the gruesome injuries inflicted by the new war's weapons eventually led him to open a special clinic: the Masks for Facial Disfigurement Department, located in the Third London General Hospital, Wandsworth. Instead of the rubber masks used conventionally, Wood constructed masks of thin metal, sculpted to match the portraits of the men in their pre-war normality. Just as had been happening with soldiers operated upon with the recent advances in plastic surgery, Wood's masks provided each with a renewed self-confidence, even self-respect, though they often proved uncomfortable. Face wounds were known to be the most devastating. By hiding the wounds behind the mask, the young men were able to return to relationships with their families and friends.Each mask required many weeks of work on the part of Woods, and other surgeons who followed his lead. A plaster cast was taken of the subject's wounded face – but only after the wounds and subsequent surgeries had totally healed. The crude process was itself a trial. The plaster cast was used to make a squeeze of plastocene or clay. This disfigured bust was used as the foundation of all prosthetic restorative work, with the sculptor working to replace the missing components of the face with the shapes from the opposing side. The mask itself was made from a thin copper sheet – galvanized copper to facilitate painting after forming. Painting a realistic portrait onto the copper mask was as challenging as the sculpting: each was finished while the patient wore it, in order to most accurately match the tone of the flesh with the enamels.
The ward stayed open only two years, from 1917 to 1919. There is no record of the exact number of masks made, but it must have been several hundred: a tiny drop among the more than 20,000 wounded in the face. His earnest efforts may not have helped statistically, but they influenced the lives of those he helped dramatically.
Post-war
He produced a representation of The Crucified Soldier called Canada's Golgotha in 1919, which caused a diplomatic flap between the Canadian and German governments. His Machine Gun Corps Memorial at Hyde Park Corner was also controversial.Personal
He married Florence Mary Schmidt in early 1903. Wood died in London in 1926 at the age of fifty-five. His grave can be found at St Michael's Church, Amberley, West Sussex with that of his wife.Works
| Name | Location | Comments | Image |
| Memorial to Major General Sir John Eardley Wilmot Inglis | St Pauls Cathedral Greater London | Derwent Wood created a relief profile of Inglis which is part of a memorial tablet in the Nelson Chamber of the crypt of St Pauls Cathedral. The memorial comprises a marble wall panel with a bronze medallion portrait of Inglis who sports a large moustache and sidewhiskers. Below is a rectangular bronze panel which depicts an encampment and buildings. The inscription reads | |
| Liverpool Cotton Association War Memorial | Liverpool Merseyside | This memorial is located in the Cotton Exchange Building in Liverpool's Old Hall Street. Derwent Wood's bronze figure of a soldier stands on a plinth and a metal plaque is inscribed whilst a second plaque reads and there is then as framed Illuminated Roll of Honour inscribed. 358 men perished in the First World War and 65 men in the Second World War. | |
| Statue of General James Wolfe | Westerham Kent | Derwent Wood was responsible for the statue of Wolfe on Westerham's Green. Wolfe who died at Quebec in 1759 was born in Westerham. | |
| Machine Gun Corps Memorial | Hyde Park Corner Greater London | Derwood Wood carried out the sculptural work for the Machine Gun Memorial including the figure of David. The inscription on the front reads and another at the memorial's side reads |