Fred Reinfeld
Fred Reinfeld was an American writer on chess and many other subjects. He was also a strong chess master, often among the top ten American players from the early 1930s to the early 1940s, as well as a college chess instructor.
Early life, family, and education
Fred Reinfeld was born in New York City, and lived his entire life within its metropolitan area. His father Barnett Reinfeld was of Polish-Jewish heritage, while his mother Rose was of Romanian-Jewish heritage.Reinfeld learned chess in his early teen years, and played for his high school team. He joined the Marshall Chess Club in Manhattan in 1926. He became involved in correspondence chess while in high school.
Reinfeld attended New York University and the College of the City of New York, studying accounting. He won the U.S. Intercollegiate championship in 1929 while at NYU.
He married his fiancée Beatrice in 1932. They had two children: Donald in 1942 and Judith in 1947.
Chess writing
Fred Reinfeld was a prolific author, having written or co-written well over 100 books.Reinfeld began writing about chess in late 1932. His first book, co-authored with Isaac Kashdan, was an account of the Bled 1931 master tournament.
He became a charter writer for the new magazine Chess Review in 1933, and was a senior editor there by 1947.
More than half of his books were about chess, including books on the opening, the middlegame, and game collections, as well as biographies of Alexander Alekhine, José Raúl Capablanca, Paul Keres, Emanuel Lasker, Paul Morphy, and Aron Nimzowitsch.
Most of Reinfeld's chess books, such as The Complete Chess Player, were geared toward novice players. Many players received their first introduction to the game through his books. Reinfeld also wrote books for more advanced players, but they sold fewer copies. He certainly had the chess knowledge, research skills and writing ability to write high-quality books, but decided to specialize in basic books for chess beginners, since they sold much better, and he was able to make a living from this.
In 1996, Reinfeld became the 26th person inducted into the U.S. Chess Hall of Fame, and the first inducted primarily for his writing.
Competitive chess
Playing strength
Although Reinfeld is remembered today mainly for his writing, he was also one of the strongest chess players in the United States from the early 1930s to the early 1940s, after which he withdrew from competition. He was ranked sixth in the country, with a rating of 2593, on the first rating list issued by the United States Chess Federation in 1950, after Reuben Fine, Samuel Reshevsky, Alexander Kevitz, Arthur Dake, and Albert Simonson. Chessmetrics ranks him as the 64th best player in the world in March and April 1943. However, the next year's USCF rating list did not include Reinfeld, as he had withdrawn from competitive play.Although he was never formally awarded an international title in chess, his playing strength during his peak years, measured by his rating, places him at or near the International Master class. International titles were awarded by FIDE, the World Chess Federation, beginning in 1950, while international chess ratings were started in 1970. The United States was one of the first nations to implement a national rating system, using work done by Professor Arpad Elo, and his statistical methods were later adapted to international chess as well. The chessmetrics group, which retrospectively rates chess events and players, endeavoring to estimate the playing strengths of players on an historical basis, places Reinfeld with a peak rating of 2532 in May 1942, good for #70 in the world. His highest world rank on this basis was #64, from March to April 1942. However, it is possible that not all of his important competitive events have been included for calculation.
Tournament highlights
Reinfeld twice won the New York State Championship, in 1931 and 1933. In 1933, he finished all eleven rounds undefeated, ahead of Fine, Anthony Santasiere, and Arnold Denker.In 1932, he placed third at the Western Open in Minneapolis, behind only Fine and Reshevsky. He was invited to the very strong Pasadena International tournament and placed 7-10th; the winner was world champion Alexander Alekhine.
In the 1933 U.S. Olympic Team Qualification tournament, held in New York, he scored 4/10, tied 8-9th, and did not make the team; Fine, Dake and Simonson qualified. Reinfeld won the Marshall Chess Club title in 1934-35.
Reinfeld qualified twice for the finals of the U.S. Chess Championship. In 1938, he scored 6½/16, just below the middle, with Reshevsky winning. In 1940, Reinfeld scored 7½/16 for a similar placing, with Reshevsky once again the champion. In that era, only national championships of the Soviet Union featured stronger fields than the American national championship. At Ventnor City 1939, he was second with 8/11; the champion was Milton Hanauer. At Ventnor City 1941, he was again second with 6/9, behind only Jacob Levin. He tied for the title in the 1942 Manhattan Chess Club Championship with Sidney Norman Bernstein.
Reinfeld never competed internationally outside the United States. He withdrew from most tournament play after 1942, when his first child was born.
During his career, he won tournament games against grandmasters Reshevsky, Fine, Frank Marshall, and Denker, and drew against world champion Alexander Alekhine.
Non-chess writing
Reinfeld wrote his first book about a subject other than chess in 1948—an abridged version of Charles Dickens' famous work Oliver Twist.Reinfeld also wrote books on a number of other subjects, including checkers, numismatics, philately, geology, history, medicine, physics, political science, and jurisprudence. The latter book won the Thomas Alva Edison Foundation Award. In addition to his own name, Reinfeld wrote under the pseudonyms Robert V. Masters and Edward Young. Reinfeld's 19 numismatic works were the subject of an article by Leonard D. Augsberger in the November–December 2000 issue of Rare Coin Review.
Professor, consultant
From the early 1930s, Reinfeld was a part-time chess instructor in the adult education departments at both New York University and Columbia University, where his courses were popular. He served as a consultant to the World Book Encyclopedia and the Random House College Dictionary. By the late 1940s, he was on the staff of NYU in the School of General Education.Library donated to NYU
After his death, his widow Beatrice Levine donated his library in 1965 to New York University; it contained more than 1,000 books, of which he had written about 260.Death
On May 29, 1964, Reinfeld died at the age of 54 in East Meadow, New York, reportedly from a ruptured cerebral aneurysm.Biography
- "Fred Reinfeld", by Alex Dunne, 2019, McFarland & Company, Jefferson, North Carolina,.
Notable games
- Reinfeld won against Reshevsky at the Western Championship in Minneapolis in 1932:
- Another win against Reshevsky in 1932, this time at Pasadena, and as Black:
- Reinfeld won against Marshall in New York City in 1941:
Books
Books on chess (118)
- 101 Chess Problems for Beginners
- 1001 Brilliant Chess Sacrifices and Combinations
- 1001 Brilliant Ways to Checkmate
- 1001 Chess Sacrifices and Combinations
- 1001 Ways to Checkmate
- A Chess Primer
- A New Approach to Chess Mastery
- A Treasury of British Chess Masterpieces
- A. Alekhine vs. E.D. Bogoljubow : World's Chess Championship 1934
- An Expert's Guide to Chess Strategy
- Art of Chess
- Art of Sacrifice in Chess
- Attack and Counterattack In Chess
- Beginner's Guide to Winning Chess
- Book of the 1935 Margate Tournament
- Book of the 1935 Warsaw International Chess Team Tournament
- Book of the 1936-37 Hastings Tournament
- Botvinnik the Invincible
- Botvinnik's Best Games, 1927–1934
- British Chess Masters: Past and Present
- Challenge to Chessplayers
- Chess At-A-Glance by Edward Young
- Chess By Yourself
- Chess Combinations and Traps
- Chess for Amateurs: How To Improve Your Game
- Chess for Children, with Moves and Positions Pictured in Photo and Diagram
- Chess for Young People
- Chess: How to play the Queen Pawn Openings
- Chess In A Nutshell
- Chess is an Easy Game
- Chess Mastery by Question and Answer
- Chess Quiz
- Chess Secrets Revealed
- Chess Strategy and Tactics: Fifty Master Games
- Chess Strategy for Offense and Defense
- Chess Tactics for Beginners
- Chess Traps, Pitfalls, and Swindles
- Chess Victory Move By Move
- Chess: Attack and Counterattack
- Chess: Win in 20 Moves or Less
- Complete Chess Course
- Complete Chess Player
- Colle's Chess Masterpieces
- Complete Book of Chess Openings
- Complete Book of Chess Stratagems
- Creative Chess
- Development of a Chess Genius, 100 Instructive Games of Alekhine
- Dr. Lasker's Chess Career, Part I, 1889--1914
- E. S. Lowe's Chess In 30 Minutes
- Epic Battles of the Chessboard
- Fifty-one Brilliant Chess Masterpieces
- Games of the 1938 Washington State Chess Association Championship
- Great Brilliancy Prize Games of the Chess Masters
- Great Games By Chess Prodigies
- Great Moments In Chess
- Great Short Games of the Chess Masters
- How Do You Play Chess?
- How Not to Play Chess
- How To Be A Winner at Chess
- How To Beat Your Opponent Quickly
- How To Force Checkmate
- How To Get More Out of Chess
- How To Improve Your Chess
- How To Play Better Chess
- How To Play Chess Like A Champion
- How To Play Winning Chess
- How to Think Ahead in Chess
- How To Win Chess Games Quickly
- Hypermodern Chess: As Developed in the Games of its Greatest Exponent Aron Nimzovich
- Improving Your Chess: The Nine Bad Moves and How to Avoid Them
- Improving Your Chess excerpted from the Second, Third, Forth and Fifth Book of Chess, plus 1001 Brilliant Chess Sacrifices and Combinations all by Fred Reinfeld
- Instructive and Practical Endings From Master Chess
- Kemeri Tournament, 1937
- Keres' Best Games of Chess
- Keres' Best Games of Chess, 1931-1948
- Lasker's Greatest Chess Games, 1889-1914
- Learn Chess Fast!
- Learn Chess From the Masters
- Modern Fundamentals of Chess
- Morphy Chess Masterpieces
- Morphy's Games of Chess
- My System: A Treatise on Chess
- Nimzovich: The Hypermodern
- Practical End-game Play
- Reinfeld Explains Chess
- Reinfeld On The End-Game in Chess
- Relax With Chess and Win In 20 Moves
- Semmering-Baden Tournament of 1937
- Strategy in the Chess Endgame
- Tarrasch's Best Games of Chess
- The Book of the Cambridge Springs International Tournament 1904
- The Chess Masters On Winning Chess
- The Complete Book of Chess Tactics
- The Complete Chess Course
- The Complete Chessplayer
- The Complete Chessplayer by Edward Young
- The Great Chess Masters and Their Games
- The Easiest Way To Learn Chess
- The Elements of Combination Play In Chess
- The Fireside Book of Chess
- The Games of the 1933 Match Between S. Flohr and M. Botvinnik
- The Human Side of Chess
- The Immortal Games of Capablanca
- The Joys of Chess
- The Macmillan Handbook of Chess
- The Secret of Tactical Chess
- The Treasury of Chess Lore
- The Unknown Alekhine 1905-1914
- The USCF 7th Biennial US Championship of 1948
- The Way To Better Chess
- Thirty Five Nimzowitsch Games, 1904–1927
- Two Weeks To Winning Chess
- Ventnor City Tournament, 1939
- Why You Lose At Chess
- Win at Chess
- Winning Chess: How to Perfect your Attacking Play
- Winning Chess for Beginners
- Winning Chess Openings
Book of Chess series (8)
- First Book of Chess
- Second Book of Chess: The Nine Bad Moves, and How to Avoid Them
- Third Book of Chess: How to Play the White Pieces
- Fourth Book of Chess: How to Play the Black Pieces
- Fifth Book of Chess: How to Win When You're Ahead
- Sixth Book of Chess: How to Fight Back
- Seventh Book of Chess: How to Play the King Pawn Openings
- Eighth Book of Chess: How to Play the Queen Pawn Openings and Other Close Games
Books on other subjects (42)
- A Catalogue of the World's Most Popular Coins,
- A Catalogue of European Coins
- A Simplified Guide to Collecting American Paper Money,
- A Treasury of American Coins
- Blazer the Bear
- Cash for Your Coins
- Coin Collecting
- Coin Collecting for Beginners
- Coin Collector's Handbook
- Coin Dictionary and Guide
- Coinometry
- Commemorative Stamps of the U.S.A.
- First Book of Famous Battles
- Fun with Stamp Collecting
- How to Be a Winner at Checkers
- How to Build a Coin Collection
- How to Play Checkers
- How to Play Top-Notch Checkers
- How to Win at Checkers
- Manual of Coin Collectors and Investors
- Miracle Drugs and the New Age of Medicine
- Oliver Twist
- Picture Book of Ancient Coins
- Picture Book of Atomic Science
- Pictorial Guide to Coin Conditions
- Pony Express
- Rays Visible and Invisible
- Stamp Collectors' Handbook
- Stamp Collector's Price Guide
- The Biggest Job in the World: The American Presidency
- The Great Dissenters, Guardians of their Country's Laws and Liberties
- The Real Book About Famous Battles
- The Real Book About Whales and Whaling
- The Story of Paper Money, Including Catalogue of Values
- They Almost Made It
- Trappers of the West
- Treasures of the Earth
- Treasury of the World's Coins
- Uranium and other Miracle Metals
- US Commemorative Coins and Stamps
- What's New in Science
- Young Charles Darwin