Rückert was born in Schweinfurt and was the eldest son of a lawyer. He was educated at the localGymnasium and at the universities of Würzburg and Heidelberg. From 1816–1817, he worked on the editorial staff of the Morgenblatt at Stuttgart. Nearly the whole of the year 1818 he spent in Rome, and afterwards he lived for several years at Coburg. Rückert married Luise Wiethaus-Fischer there in 1821. He was appointed a professor of Oriental languages at the University of Erlangen in 1826, and, in 1841, he was called to a similar position in Berlin, where he was also made a privy councillor. In 1849 he resigned his professorship at Berlin, and went to live full-time in his Gut at Neuses. When Rückert began his literary career, Germany was engaged in her life-and-death struggle with Napoleon; and in his first volume, Deutsche Gedichte, published in 1814 under the pseudonymFreimund Raimar, he gave, particularly in the powerful Geharnischte Sonette, vigorous expression to the prevailing sentiment of his countrymen. During 1815 to 1818 appeared Napoleon, eine politische Komödie in drei Stücken of which only two parts were published; and in 1817 Der Kranz der Zeit. He issued a collection of poems, Östliche Rosen, in 1822; and from 1834 to 1838 his Gesammelte Gedichte were published in six volumes, a selection which has passed through many editions. Rückert was master of thirty languages and made his mark chiefly as a translator of Oriental poetry and as a writer of poems conceived in the spirit of Oriental masters. Much attention was attracted by a translation of the Maqamat of Al-Hariri of Basra in 1826, Nal und Damajanti, an Indian tale, in 1828, Rostem und Suhrab, eine Heldengeschichte in 1830, and Hamasa, oder die ältesten arabischen Volkslieder in 1846. Among his original writings dealing with Oriental subjects are:
A monument to Rückert is situated at Marktplatz in Schweinfurt. The monument of Rückert, whose birth house stands at the southeast corner of the town hall, has stood in the central square of Schweinfurt since 1890. It was created by architect Friedrich Ritter von Thiersch and sculptor Wilhelm von Rühmann. Allegorical figures from his works – Geharnischte Sonette and Weisheit des Brahmanen – are situated at the feet of the bronze Rückert. Rückert is also commemorated by a small museum in his home at Neuses and a park, Rückertpark which also features a memorial bust. The museum in the Friedrich-Rückert-Straße houses over 1,000 dolls, including the grandmother of the world-famous "Barbie".
Literature
A comprehensive but by no means complete edition of Rückert's poetical works appeared in 12 volumes in 1868–1869. Subsequent editions have been edited by L. Laistner, C. Beyer, G. Ellinger. See B. Fortlage, F. Rückert und seine Werke ; C. Beyer, Friedrich Rückert, ein biographisches Denkmal, Neue Mitteilungen über Rückert, and Nachgelassene Gedichte Rückerts und neue Beiträge zu dessen Leben und Schriften ; R. Boxberger, Rückert-Studien ; P. de Lagarde, Erinnerungen an F. Rückert ; F. Muncker, Friedrich Rückert ; G. Voigt, Rückerts Gedankenlyrik.
Hans Wollschläger und Rudolf Kreutner : Historisch-kritische Ausgabe in Einzelbänden, Schweinfurt 1998ff.; thus far 4 vols. in 5 parts :
* Die Weisheit des Brahmanen, 2 vols., 1998.
* Gedichte von Rom, 2000.
* Liedertagebuch I/II, 1846–1847, 2001
* Liedertagebuch III/IV, 1848–1849, 2002.
* Liedertagebuch V/VI, 1850–1851, Erster Band, 2003.
Hans Wollschläger : Kindertotenlieder .
Hartmut Bobzin : Der Koran in der Übersetzung von Friedrich Rückert, 4th ed., Würzburg 2001.
Friedrich Rückert: Firdosi's Königsbuch Sage I–XIII. Aus dem Nachlaß herausgegeben von E. A. Bayer. 1890. Nachdruck: epubli GmbH, Berlin, 2010
Friedrich Rückert: Firdosi's Königsbuch Sage XX–XXVI. Aus dem Nachlaß herausgegeben von E. A. Bayer. Nachdruck der Erstausgabe. epubli Berlin, 2010,.
Wolfgang von Keitz : Oestliche Rosen. epubli, Berlin 2012, .
In 1847, Rückert also translated select verses of the Tirukkural, an ancient Tamil classic, into German.