Fudoki


Fudoki are ancient reports on provincial culture, geography, and oral tradition presented to the reigning monarchs of Japan, also known as local gazetteers. They contain agricultural, geographical, and historical records as well as mythology and folklore. Fudoki manuscripts also document local myths, rituals, and poems that are not mentioned in the Kojiki and the Nihon Shoki chronicles, which are the most important literature of the ancient national mythology and history. In the course of national unification, the imperial court enacted a series of criminal and administrative codes called ritsuryō and surveyed the provinces established by such codes to exert greater control over them.

Kofudoki

In the narrower sense, Fudoki refer to the oldest records written in the Nara period, later called Kofudoki. Compilation of Kofudoki began in 713 and was completed over a 20-year period. Following the Taika Reform in 646 and the Code of Taihō enacted in 701, there was need to centralize and solidify the power of the imperial court. This included accounting for lands under its control. According to the Shoku Nihongi, Empress Genmei issued a decree in 713 ordering each provincial government to collect and report the following information:
ordered in 713 that place names in the provinces, districts, and townships be written in two kanji characters with positive connotations. This occasionally required name changes. For example, Hayatsuhime became Hayami and Ishinashi no Oki became Ishii.

Manuscripts

At least 48 of the Gokishichidō provinces contributed to their records but only that of Izumo remains nearly complete. Partial records of Hizen, Bungo, Harima and Hitachi remain and a few passages from various volumes remain scattered throughout various books. Those of Harima and Hizen are designated List of National Treasures of Japan #History books and historical tales|National Treasures.
Below is a list of extant manuscripts and scattered passages.

Kinai

In 1966 the Agency for Cultural Affairs called on the prefectural governments to build open-air museums and parks called Fudoki no Oka near historic sites such as tombs and provincial temples. These archaeological museums preserve and exhibit cultural properties to enhance public understanding of provincial history and culture.
ruin in Ōmi Fudoki no Oka
NamePrefectureProvinceMunicipalitiesMuseum
Ukitamu Fudoki no OkaYamagataUzenTakahataYamagata Prefectural Ukitama Fudoki no Oka Archaeological Museum
Shimotsuke Fudoki no OkaTochigiShimotsukeShimotsukeTochigi Prefectural Shimotsuke Fudoki no Oka Museum
Nasu Fudoki no OkaTochigiShimotsukeNakagawa and ŌtawaraNakagawa Municipal Nasu Fudoki no Oka Museum
SaitamaMusashiGyōdaSaitama Prefectural Museum of the Sakitama Ancient Burial Mounds
ChibaShimōsaSakae and NaritaBoso-no-Mura Museum
Tateyama Fudoki no OkaToyamaEtchūTateyama
YamanashiKaiKōfuYamanashi Prefectural Archaeological Museum
Ōmi Fudoki no OkaShigaŌmiŌmihachiman and Azuchi
Chikatsu Asuka Fudoki no OkaOsakaKawachiKananOsaka Prefectural Chikatsu Asuka Museum
Kii Fudoki no OkaWakayamaKiiWakayamaWakayama Prefecture Kii-fudoki-no-oka Museum of Archaeology and Folklore
Yakumotatsu Fudoki no OkaShimaneIzumoMatsueShimane Prefectural Yakumotatsu Fudoki no Oka Museum
Kibiji Fudoki no OkaOkayamaBitchūSōjaSōja Kibiji Museum
HiroshimaBingoMiyoshiHiroshima Prefectural Miyoshi Fudoki no Oka Museum
Higo Kodai no MoriKumamotoHigoYamaga and NagomiKumamoto Prefectural Ancient Burial Mound Museum
ŌitaBungoUsaŌita Prefectural Museum of History
Saitobaru Fudoki no OkaMiyazakiHyūgaSaitoMiyazaki Prefectural Saitobaru Archaeological Museum