Futsunushi
Futsunushi, also known as Iwainushi, is a warrior god in Japanese mythology. Also known under the epithet Katori Daimyōjin after his shrine in northern Chiba Prefecture, Katori Jingū, he is often revered alongside Takemikazuchi, with whom he is closely associated. He is regarded as a legendary ancestor of the Mononobe clan, and like Takemikazuchi is one of the tutelary deities of the Fujiwara clan.
Name
One theory interprets the futsu in Futsunushi's name as an onomatopoeic sound of a sword swinging and cutting something, while another theory proposes it to be derived from the Korean word for 'fire' or 'brilliance', pul. A connection with the term furu has also been proposed.Nushi, meaning 'master' or 'ruler', is derived from a contraction of the possessive particle no and ushi, of the same meaning.
The name Iwainushi meanwhile is a contraction of iwai no ushi, 'master of worship'.
Mythology
Parentage
A variant account of Izanagi and Izanami's begetting of various gods cited in the Nihon Shoki states that when Izanagi killed the newborn fire god Kagutsuchi, the drops of blood from his sword congealed to form the rocks by the heavenly river from which Futsunushi was born. The blood which dripped from the sword's hilt ring then turned into two gods named Mikahayahi-no-Kami and Hihayahi-no-Kami ; Mikahayahi is here identified as Takemikazuchi's parent. Another variant meanwhile states that Kagutsuchi's blood spurted out and transformed into two gods named Iwasaku-no-Kami and Nesaku-no-Kami. Their children, the male Iwatsutsuno'o-no-Kami and the female Iwatsutsunome-no-Kami, begat Futsunushi. This is the version followed in the main narrative of the work's second volume. Likewise the Kogo Shūi identifies Futsunushi as the son of Iwatsutsunome.Subjugation of the land
''Nihon Shoki''
Both Futsunushi and Takemikazuchi are closely associated with the 'transfer of the land' myth cycle, which relates how the deities of Takamagahara sent various messengers down to earth, to Ashihara-no-Nakatsukuni, in order to demand that its inhabitants submit to their rule.The main narrative of the second volume of the Nihon Shoki relates that after the failure of the earlier messengers, Ame-no-Hohi and Ame-no-Wakahiko, to perform their mission, the gods of heaven headed by the primordial deity Takamimusubi decide to send Futsunushi, the son of Iwatsutsuno'o and Iwatsutsunome, as their new emissary. Hearing this, the god Takemikazuchi - here identified as the son of Hihayahi - indignantly protests that he is also a stalwart warrior like Futsunushi; the gods then agreed to assign him as Futsunushi's companion. The two then make their way to the shores of Itasa in the land of Izumo, demanding that the earthly deity Ōnamuchi, the ruler of Ashihara-no-Nakatsukuni, relinquish his authority. At the counsel of his son, Kotoshironushi, Ōnamuchi agrees to cede the land and withdraws into invisibility. After this, Futsunushi and Takemikazuchi proceeded to slay all those who refused to submit to them. A variant account adds that the two finally dispatched the god of weaving, Takehazuchi-no-Mikoto, to subdue the last remaining rebel, the star god Kagaseo. With all resistance gone, the two gods went back to heaven to report the success of their mission.
A variant account has Futsunushi and Takemikazuchi putting to death the evil deity Amatsumikaboshi in heaven first before they descend to Izumo. The account adds that it was at this time that Iwainushi-no-Kami, the deity enshrined in Katori, received the epithet iwai no ushi, 'master of worship.' In this version, Ōnamuchi initially refuses the demand of the two envoys. After Futsunushi goes back to Takamagahara to report, Takamimusubi sends him back to Ōnamuchi, this time with promises of rewards should he comply. Ōnamuchi finally accepts their terms and appoints the god of roads and borders, the funato no kami as his replacement. He then finally disappears into the unseen world. Futsunushi, with the funato no kami as his guide, then makes his way around Ashihara-no-Nakatsukuni, killing those who resisted him and rewarding those who submitted.
Other texts
Two legends from Ou District of Izumo Province recorded in the Izumo Fudoki feature Futsunushi.The Fudoki of Hitachi Province also refers to a deity named 'Futsu-no-Ōkami' who is often identified with Futsunushi.
The kuni-yuzuri myth featured in the Izumo no Kuni no Miyatsuko no Kanʼyogoto, a ritual declaration delivered by the province's governor or kuni no miyatsuko at the imperial court upon his appointment, has Futsunushi being dispatched with the deity Ame-no-Hinadori-no-Mikoto, the son of Ame-no-Oshihomimi, son of the sun goddess Amaterasu and the Izumo magnate clan's divine ancestor.
Futsunushi is absent in the Kojiki, where the envoys sent by the heavenly kami are Takemikazuchi and the bird-boat deity Ame-no-Torifune. The Kojiki
The Sobataka deity
Sobataka Shrine in Ōkura, Katori is reckoned as the first and most important auxiliary shrine of Katori Jingū. Its deity, whose identity is kept secret since antiquity and thus is known merely as the 'Great Deity of Sobataka', is the subject of a legend involving the god of Katori Shrine.The story relates that the Sobataka deity, acting under the orders of the god of Katori, raided the land of Mutsu and stole 2,000 horses from the local kami. When the god of Mutsu gave chase, the Sobataka deity drained Lake Kasumigaura using a 'tide-ebbing jewel', allowing the horses to cross over to the other shore. After the horses have safely crossed, the Sobataka deity then used a 'tide-flowing jewel', to restore the lake to normal, trapping the pursuer in an island in the middle of the lake known as Ukishima.
Offspring
The deity Ame-no-Naemasu-no-Mikoto, worshiped in Matami Shrine in Katori, is considered to be Futsunushi's son. Ame-no-Naemasu is reckoned as the ancestor of the Katori clan, which traditionally served as priests in Katori Shrine. The Katori later assumed the name 'Ōnakatomi' after a grandson of Ōnakatomi no Kiyomaro, of the influential Nakatomi clan, was adopted into the clan.Worship
Shrines
As the deity of Katori Jingū, Futsunushi also serves as the deity of shrines belonging to the Katori shrine network. In addition, Futsunushi is also enshrined in Kasuga Grand Shrine alongside Takemikazuchi and Ame-no-Koyane, in Shiogama Shrine in Miyagi Prefecture alongside Takemikazuchi and :ja:シオツチノオジ|Shiotsuchi-no-Oji, in Nukisaki Shrine in Tomioka, Gunma Prefecture alongside a goddess known only under the generic epithet 'Hime Ōkami', and as an auxiliary deity in :ja:千葉神社|Chiba Shrine in Chiba City. A number of other shrines throughout the country also enshrine Futsunushi in an auxiliary capacity.As patron of martial arts
Both Futsunushi and Takemikazuchi were reckoned as eminent war gods since antiquity. The Ryōjin Hishō compiled in 1179 attest to the worship of the gods of Katori and Kashima as martial deities at the time of its compilation:The two kami have been worshiped by many eminent swordsmen such as Iizasa Chōisai, the founder of Tenshin Shōden Katori Shintō-ryū, and Tsukahara Bokuden, the founder of Kashima Shintō-ryū. Indeed, Chōisai was reputed in legend to have developed his swordsmanship style after being taught secrets of strategy by Futsunushi in a dream. Even today, many kendo dōjō in Japan enshrine either or both of these deities.