Officially dubbed the "scientific, literary, social and political weekly", it was first issued in October 1886. Initially clearly leftist and pro-positivist, by 1888 the journal had changed directions and started siding with the right side of the political scene. While published officially and accepted by the Imperial Russian censorship, it was secretly financed and headed by the undergroundNational League organisation acting clandestinely in all three Partitions of Poland, led by Roman Dmowski. It was targeted mostly at intelligentsia, but thanks to novels and short stories published in every issue Głos had gained also much readership among lower strata of the society. The journal retained a mildly positivist programme, calling for the creation of a "new society", based upon new principles, but seldom specifying what the principles should be. The newspaper's political editorials also touched upon the problems of assimilation of Jewry, education of the masses and emancipation of lower classes.
Antisemitism
In 1886 the co-founder of the magazine Jan Ludwik Popławski called for the assimilation of the Polish Jewry, but doubted the possibility of its realization, because of "fundamental religious and anthropological differences". According to the Polish historian Alina Cała this was the first ever reference to racism in the Polish press. While anti-Semitic tendencies in Popławski's editorials became apparent from the magazine's inaugural year, another Głos editor Józef Potocki advocated friendship with Polish Jews and attempted to counter the influence of Rola magazine, which was openly anti-Semitic and more popular among people belonging to a lower stratum of the Polish society. But from 1889 Głos was rapidly becoming openly anti-Semitic. The articles dedicated to "the Jewish question" became more frequent, their rhetoric was becoming more violent. According to historian Brian Porter: "The glosowcy were well aware that they were repositioning Polish anti-Semitism and giving it legitimacy for the radical intelligentsia". But still in contrast to Rola, Głos was avoiding emotional language and personal attacks. While Rola's anti-Semitism was of an economic origin, Głos presented ideological anti-Semitism. By 1891 Głos had created an outline of the anti-Jewish programme, which was soon was adopted by National Democracy. Głos practically ceased to exist in 1894, after most of its staff had been arrested by tsarist authorities for taking part in an illegal commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the Kościuszko Uprising. Although most were set free the following year, they were not allowed to publish the newspaper any more.
1895–1905
The journal was reformed under the leadership of Zygmunt Wasilewski, another of National League's activists, until then a collaborator of Stefan Żeromski and one of the founders of the Polish National Library in Rapperswil. While still supportive of the National League's vision of future Polish statehood, it returned to a more pro-leftist stance. During the last five years of its existence, the journal was headed by a renowned psychologist and teacher Jan Władysław Dawid, who bought the title in 1901. Under his leadership Głos became somewhat more leftist, openly criticising bourgeoisie, gentry and other privileged classes. During the Revolution in the Kingdom of Poland it was closed, in December 1905, by the Russian authorities.
