GM Family 1 engine


The Family 1 is a straight-four piston engine that was developed by Opel, a former subsidiary of General Motors and now a subsidiary of PSA Group, to replace the Opel cam-in-head engines for use on mid-range cars from Opel/Vauxhall. Originally produced at the Aspern engine plant, production was moved to the Szentgotthard engine plant in Hungary with the introduction of the DOHC version. GM do Brasil at São José dos Campos, GMDAT at Bupyeong and GM North America at Toluca also build these engines.
The Family 1 engines are inline-four cylinder engines with belt-driven single or double overhead camshafts in an aluminum cylinder head with a cast iron engine block. GM do Brasil versions were also capable of running on ethanol. These engines are sometimes referred to as "Small-block" engines by enthusiasts; in contrast to the larger Family II engines which are sometimes referred to as the "Big-block" engines.
GM do Brasil specializes in SOHC, petrol-powered and FlexPower engines. GM Brasil also made 16-valve versions of the 1.0 engine. The 1.0 L 16v was available in the Corsa line-up from 1999 to 2001.

SOHC

1.0

The version has a bore and a stroke.
EnginePowerTorqueCompression RatioFuel DeliveryEngine ManagementApplications
X10YFH at 6400 rpm at 5200 rpm12.6:1Multi-point fuel injection

1.2

The version was used in the Opel Corsa.
EnginePowerTorqueCompression RatioFuel DeliveryEngine ManagementApplications
12NV at 5800 rpm at 2600 rpmCarburetorOpel Corsa A
12ST at 5600 rpm at 2200 rpmCarburetorOpel Corsa A
A12ST at 5600 rpm at 2200 rpmCarburetorOpel Corsa A
C12NZ at 5000 rpm at 2400 rpmOpel Corsa A
S12ST at 5600 rpm at 2200 rpmCarburetorOpel Corsa A

1.3

The version has a bore and a stroke.
EnginePowerTorqueCompression RatioFuel DeliveryEngine ManagementApplications
13N at 5800 rpm at 3800 rpm
13Nb at 5800 rpm at 3200 rpmOpel Corsa A
13S at 5800 rpm at 3800–4600 rpm
13SB at 5800 rpm at 3800–4200 rpmOpel Corsa A
13SH at 5800 rpm at 4200 rpm9,5:1Multi-point fuel injectionBosch LE-JetronicOpel Corsa A

1.4

The version has a bore and a stroke.
EnginePowerTorqueCompression RatioFuel DeliveryEngine ManagementApplications
14NV at 5600 rpm at 3000 rpm9.4:1Pierburg 2E3 twin barrel carburettor
C14NZ at 5600 rpm at 2600 rpm9.4:1Single-point fuel injection
C14SE at 5200 rpm at 3400 rpm10.0:1Multi-point Fuel InjectionOpel Corsa A
Opel Corsa B
Opel Astra F
Chevrolet Kalos/Aveo
X14YFL at 6200 rpm12.4:1Multi-point fuel injectionChevrolet Prisma
X14YFH at 6000 rpm12.4:1Multi-point fuel injection
N14YF at 6000 rpm at 3200 rpm12.4:1Multi-point fuel injection

1.6

The version has a bore and an stroke.
EnginePowerTorqueCompression RatioFuel DeliveryEngine ManagementApplications
C16NZ at 5200 rpm at 2800 rpm9.2:1Single-point Fuel Injection
C16SE at 5800 rpm at 3400 rpm9.8:1multi-point fuel injection
C16SEI at 5600 rpm at 3400 rpmOpel Corsa A
E16SE at 5800 rpm at 3400 rpmOpel Corsa A
L73 at 5600 rpm at 2800 rpm8.6:1throttle-body fuel injection
G16SF92 hp at 5600 rpmthrottle-body fuel injectionGM Multec Central1988-1993 Pontiac LeMans LS
1988-1991 Passport Optima
Z16SE at 5400 rpm at 2600 rpm9.6:1multi-point fuel injection
L91
X16SZ52 kW at 5000 rpm128Nm at 2800 rpm10.0:1Single-point fuel injectionMultec-SZOpel Vectra A
Opel Astra F
16SV82 bhp@5400130 N⋅m @ 2600 rpmCarburettorVauxhall Cavalier MK3
MK2 Astra

1.8

The version has an bore and an stroke.
EnginePowerTorqueCompression RatioFuel DeliveryEngine ManagementApplications
N18XFH at 5600 rpm at 3200 rpm10.5:1Multi-point fuel injection

Applications:
The SPE / 4 or engines are an evolution of the Econo.Flex engines that were made in Brazil at the Joinville plant. There are two available displacements: 1.0 L and 1.4 L. They feature an SOHC head with 2-valves per cylinder, and is fed by a multi-point fuel injection system, which allows it to run on either E100 or E25 gasoline. Major differences between previous engines include reduced friction, lowered weight, individual coil-near-plug ignition, and a new cylinder head design.
NameDisplacementBoreStrokeCompression RatioPowerTorqueApplications
1.0 L 12.4:1
1.4 L 12.4:1

DOHC

Pre-Ecotec

This was the first engine in this family, featuring a Lotus-developed 16-valve cylinder head and a cast-iron cylinder block which was essentially the same as in Opel's 8-valve engines. C16XE was available only in Corsa GSi, model years 1993 and 1994. C16XE was not yet badged Ecotec, and for later model Corsas and Opel Tigras it was replaced with X16XE Ecotec engine. The main difference between C16XE and X16XE Ecotec is emission control, C16XE lacks EGR and AIR-system, although the cylinder head is designed to enable these features. Other differences between C16XE and later versions of the engine include intake manifold, C16XE has a plastic upper intake manifold, which was replaced with a cast aluminium manifold, and fuel injection system, C16XE uses Multec fuel injection with MAF sensor and later models used Multec fuel injection with MAP sensor. Also, while C16XE had its own exhaust front section design, for X16XE it was replaced with a front section used also in Opel Astra, probably as a cost-saving measure.
NameDisplacementBoreStrokeCompression RatioPower
C16XE1.6 L 10.5:1

Applications:
The first generation Ecotec engines are belt-driven 16-valve DOHC engines, with cast-iron cylinder blocks and aluminum cross-flow cylinder heads. They feature sodium-filled exhaust valves, a cast steel crankshaft, and a spheroidal graphite flywheel. They also feature exhaust gas recirculation, secondary air injection, and Multec M engine control with sequential multiport fuel injection. The 1.6 L version was also exported for use in the Brazilian Corsa GSi.
NameDisplacementBoreStrokeCompression RatioPowerTorque
X14XE1.4 L 10.5:1
X16XEL1.6 L 10.5:1
X16XE1.6 L 10.5:1
X18XE11.8 L 10.5:1

Applications:
Updated version introduced from 2000, with lighter cast-iron cylinder block and camshaft driven by toothed belt. Features EGR valve and electronic throttle for reduced emissions.
NameDisplacementBoreStrokeCompression RatioPowerTorqueApplications
Z14XE1.4 L 10.5:1
Z16XE1.6 L 10.5:1
Z18XE1.8 L 10.5:1

Ecotec TwinPort Family 1 engine is used in:
licensed and produced a variant of the Family 1 engine. These engines were built exclusively at Bupyeong engine plant and marketed as E-TEC. Like all Family 1 engines they feature a toothed belt driven valvetrain, a cast iron engine block and an aluminum cylinder head. Most models feature Euro III-compliancy, and the 1.4 L and 1.6 L versions employ variable intake geometry. With the release of Chevrolet Cruze, the factory has been converted to produce the Ecotec Family 1 Gen III block.

SOHC

NameDisplacementBoreStrokeCompression RatioPowerTorque
A13SMS1.3 L
A13SMS1.4 L
LV81.5 L

Applications:
The E-TEC II 16V is an updated version of the E-TEC engines with DOHC.
NameDisplacementBoreStrokeCompression RatioPowerTorque
1.4 L 9.5:1 at 6200 rpm at 3400 rpm
1.4 L 9.5:1 at 6400 rpm at 4200 rpm
A15MF1.5 L 9.5:1 at 5400 rpm at 3000 rpm
1.6 L 9.5:1 at 6000 rpm at 3600 rpm
1.6 L 9.5:1 at 5800 rpm at 3400 rpm

Applications:
The new Generation III or Gen III engine entered production in Spring 2005. These engines replaced both the previous generation Ecotec engines as well as Daewoo's E-TEC 16V engines. These engines are manufactured at Szentgotthárd, Hungary, Bupyeoung, Korea, Toluca, Mexico and Yantai, PRC.
In contrast to their predecessors, the Gen III engines feature lighter cast-iron blocks, as well as higher compression ratios. These engines also implement DCVCP, piston cooling by oil jets, and an integrated catalytic converter. Non-turbocharged variants feature the TwinPort technology.
The drive belt for the camshafts is wider and stronger than before, and water pump is not driven by it anymore which improves reliability.
The LDE engine meets Euro VI and KULEV emission standards. With the addition of secondary air injection to the LUW engine, the LWE achieves PZEV status.
These engines like their DOHC predecessors feature bucket tappets in contrast to the roller finger followers found on GM's other 4-cylinder engines.
NameDisplacementBoreStrokeCompression RatioPowerTorque
A16XER 1.6 L 10.8:1 at 6000 rpm at 4000 rpm
1.6 L 10.8:1 at 6400 rpm at 4000 rpm
1.6 L 10.5:1 at 5000 rpm
Z16LEL1.6 L 8.8:1 at 5000 rpm at 1850–5000 rpm
A16LEL1.6 L 8.8:1 at 5000 rpm at 1850–5000 rpm
Z16LET1.6 L 8.8:1 at 5500 rpm at 2200–5400 rpm
A16LET 1.6 L 8.8:1 at 5500 rpm at 2200–5400 rpm
Z16LER1.6 L 8.8:1 at 5000 rpm at 1980–5800 rpm
A16LER 1.6 L 8.8:1 at 5850 rpm
A16LES1.6 L 8.8:1 at 5850 rpm
Z18XER1.8 L 10.5:1 at 6300 rpm at 3800 rpm
A18XER 1.8 L 10.5:1 at 6300 rpm at 3800 rpm
P18XER 1.8 L 10.5:1 at 6300 rpm at 3800 rpm
U18XFR 1.8 L 10.5:1 at 6300 rpm at 3800 rpm
N18XFF 1.8 L 10.5:1 at 6300 rpm at 3800 rpm

Applications:
Turbocharged Gen III engines are used in: