Gabriel Maria Roschini, O.S.M., was a Roman Catholic Italian priest and professor of Mariology, who published over 900 titles on the subject. During the pontificate of Pope Pius XII, he worked closely with the Vatican on Marian publications. In light of the encyclopedic accuracy of his work, Roschini is considered as one of the top two Mariologists of the 20th century. His first major work, a four volume Mariology, Il Capolavoro di Dio, is judged to be the most comprehensive mariological presentation in the 20th century. Several theologians called him "one of the most profound mariologists" and "irreplaceable".
During the pontificate of Pius XII, “the most Marian Pope in Church history”. Roschini worked closely with the Pontiff, arranging his own publications parallel to Papal mariological promulgations. During and after Vatican II, Roschini tried to adjust to the colder mariological spirit in his 1973 publication Il mistero di Maria considerato alla luce del mistero di Cristo e della Chiesa, an updated four volume handbook of mariology. This largely explains the animosity of Dominican theologian Yves-Marie Congar, strongly opposed to such perceived mariological excesses; indeed, in his journal, Congar once called the eminent Mariologist "Trouduc Roschini". Altogether he published over 900 titles, mostly on Mariology, in addition to his encyclopedic works, reviewing the mariological contributions of saints like Bernard of Clairvaux and Anthony of Padua. In 1950 he explained the mariology of Saint Thomas Aquinas. He detailed his mariology in a major work in the year 1952. Earlier, Roschini had contributed with a new interpretation to the Mariological theology of the Co-redemptrix, which was not universally accepted. In his 1946 publication Compendium Mariologiae he explained that Mary not only participated physically in the life of Jesus by giving birth to him but also, when she conceived her divine Son, she entered into a spiritual union with him. The divine salvation plan, being not only material, includes permanent spiritual unity with Christ. Most mariologists agree with this position. Roschini entered new theological territory, when he defined the spiritual unity of Mary and Christ to form a "salvation pair", in which Mary is a true helper of her son. However, in this salvation duo, Mary is clearly subordinated to her son, according to Roschini, who, not wanting of course to elevate Mary to the level of divinity, insisted that Mary needed salvation through Christ like all other people. But, because she is the mother of God, the only mother of God among all women, Mary is someone unique. Sharing with all other people their human nature, she is different. She belongs to Christ, with whom she is spiritually united. Marian views of Roschini have continued to gather interest and are subject to continued research, with doctoral theses in theology and books written about him.
Internet citations most often invoke Roschini as a supporter of Maria Valtorta’s somewhat controversial book, The Poem of the Man God. Roschini's book, The Virgin Mary in the Writings of Maria Valtorta, provides an exegesis of the favorable representation of Mary in the Poem. At first, Roschini was skeptical of The Poem of the Man God’s authenticity but upon studying the work grew to appreciate it as a private revelation, concluding: “We find ourselves facing an effect which seems to be beyond its cause ”. He wrote of Valtorta: Roschini presided over the services of Valtorta’s “privileged burial,” in which her remains were relocated from Viareggio to the Santissima Annunziata Basilica in Florence in 1973.
Selected publications
Il Capolavoro di Dio, Mariology in IV volumes, Roma 1933
Compendium Mariologiae, Roma, 1946
La Mariologia di Sant'Antonio da Padova, in Marianum, Roma, 1946
La Madonna secondo la fede e la Teologia, Roma, 1950
La Mariologia di San Tommaso, Roma, 1950
Mariologia, Roma, 1952
La Madonna secondo la fede e la teologia IV volumes, Roma 1953 1954
Il dottore Mariano, Studio sulla dottrina di San Bernardo di Chiaravalle, Roma 1953
The Virgin Mary in the Writings of Maria Valtorta, Kolbe's Publications
Dizionario di Mariologia, Roma, 1957
Il misteri di Maria considerato alla luce del mistero di Cristo e della Chiesa, Roma 1973