Garcinia binucao


Garcinia binucao, commonly known as binukaw or batuan, is a species of Garcinia native to the Philippines and Vietnam. It is not cultivated, though its edible fruits are harvested from the wild for use as a souring agent in some Filipino dishes.

Taxonomy

Binukaw belongs to the genus Garcinia of the family Clusiaceae. The first description of the correct name of the species is attributed to the French botanist Jacques Denys Choisy in Description des guttifères de l'Inde based on the basionym Cambogia binucao from the Spanish friar and botanist Francisco Manuel Blanco in Flora de Filipinas in 1837. It was also described from Vietnam as Garcinia duodecandra by the French botanist Jean Baptiste Louis Pierre in Flore Forestiere de la Cochinchine.
The plant is known as binukaw in Tagalog, and batuan in Visayan languages. Other names include Ilocano balakut, Bikol buragris, and Panay Visayan haras. The common names are sometimes shared with other similar Garcinia species in the Philippines like Garcinia morella.

Description

Binukaw is an evergreen tree growing to a maximum height of around with a trunk around in diameter. The leaves are oblong to obovate around long and wide. The flowers are reddish to creamy white in color. The fruits are round berries, around in diameter with a juicy pulp and numerous seeds.

Distribution

Binukaw is native to the Philippines and Vietnam.

Culinary

The sour fruits are edible and can be eaten raw. They are also commonly used as a souring agent in traditional Filipino dishes like sinigang.

Conservation

The species is becoming rare due to illegal logging and deforestation for agriculture.