Gardens of Vatican City
The Gardens of Vatican City, also informally known as the Vatican Gardens in Vatican City, are private urban gardens and parks which cover more than half of the country, located in the west of the territory and owned by the Pope. There are some buildings, such as Radio Vatican and the Governor's Palace, within the gardens.
The gardens cover approximately, about half of the city. The highest point is above mean sea level. Stone walls bound the area in the North, South, and West. The gardens and parks were established during the Renaissance and Baroque era and are decorated with fountains and sculptures.
Pope Francis opened the Vatican Gardens to the public in 2014. Individuals and pre-formed groups, considered to consist of 16 or more people, may visit the Gardens with the presence of a tour guide. The gardens also enshrine 17 Marian images venerated worldwide at the designation of the Pope, who is the owner of the gardens.
History
Pious tradition claim that the foundation site of the Vatican Gardens was spread with sacred soil brought from Mount Calvary by Empress Saint Helena to symbolically unite the blood of Jesus Christ with that shed by thousands of early Christians, who died in the persecutions of Emperor Nero Caesar Augustus.The gardens date back to medieval times when orchards and vineyards extended to the north of the Papal Apostolic Palace. In 1279, Pope Nicholas III moved his residence back to the Vatican from the Lateran Palace and enclosed this area with walls. He planted an orchard ', a lawn , and a garden '. Firstly, they appeared near the hills of Sant'Egidio where today the Palazzetto del Belvedere and the Courtyards of the Vatican Museums are located.
is the official Patroness of the gardens.
The site received a major re-landscaping at the beginning of the 16th century, during the pontificate of Pope Julius II. Donato Bramante's original design was then split into three new courtyards, the Cortili del Belvedere, the "della Biblioteca" and the "della Pigna" in the Renaissance landscape design style. Also in Renaissance style, a great rectangular Labyrinth, formal in design, set in boxwood and framed with Italian stone pines, ' and cedars of Lebanon, '. In place of Nicholas III's enclosure, Bramante built a great rectilinear defensive wall.
In 1921 a fire broke out inside the sanctuary of the Basilica of Loreto and destroyed a statue of the Virgin Mary, known as Our Lady of Loreto. The statue was commissioned by Pope Pius XI in 1922. It was carved from cedars of Lebanon from the Vatican Gardens. The sculpture, designed by Enrico Quattrini and painted by Leopoldo Celani, is still one of the most venerated today in the Basilica of Loreto, in the Marche region.
Since the end of 2014, the Vatican Museums and the Directorate of Technical Services of the Governorate of Vatican City State have been running the project of restoration and conservation of various stone artifacts in the gardens. The goal of the project has been to prevent the deterioration of the objects of art-historical interest.
In October 2017 the professionals involved in the restoration conducted a study to consider, from a scientific point of view, modern methods and eco-sustainable techniques in application to the conservation of the artifacts over time. After a careful study, they opted for non-toxic and environmentally friendly products, such as oregano and thyme, along with other plant protection products used individually or combined.
Today's Vatican Gardens are spread over nearly, they contain a variety of medieval fortifications, buildings and monuments from the 9th century to the present day, set among vibrant flower beds and topiary, green lawns and a patch of forest. There are a variety of fountains cooling the gardens, sculptures, an artificial grotto devoted to Our Lady of Lourdes, and an Olive tree donated by the government of Israel.
Both the Vatican and Castel Gandalfo gardens became open to the general public in 2014.
Patroness of the Gardens
designated Saint Therese of Lisieux The Little Flower as the official Patroness of the gardens on May 17, 1927, according to her the title as "Sacred Keeper of the Gardens" and within the same year, a small chapel dedicated to her was built within the gardens near the Leonine walls.List of Marian images enshrined
The following are venerated images of the Blessed Virgin Mary enshrined at the Vatican Gardens:| Image within the Gardens | Place of Devotion | Nation | Year of Devotion | Date of Installation | Feast Day |
| Lourdes, France |  | 1858 | 1 June 1902 | February 11 | |
| Monte Figogna |  | 1490 | 2 May 1917 | August 29 | |
| Tepeyac, Mexico |  | 1531 | 14 October 1939 | December 12 | |
| Our Lady of Fátima | Fátima, Portugal |  | 1917 | 29 May 1983 | 13 May |
| The Madonna of Schoenstatt | Vallendar, Germany |  | 1914 | 1992 | October 18 |
| The Black Madonna of Częstochowa | Jasna Góra, Poland |  | 1382 | 1994 | August 26 |
| The Virgin of Mercy | Savona | | 1536 | 10 May 1995 | March 18 |
| Our Lady of Divine Love | Via Ardeatina | | 1740 | 10 May 1999 | Monday of Pentecost |
| Our Lady of Sacred Heart of Taggia | Rome | | 1855 | 21 March 2006 | March 11 |
| Our Lady of Good Counsel | Genazzano, Italy | | 1467 | 11 July 2009 | April 26 |
| Virgin of Suyapa | Honduras |  | 1747 | 20 September 2013 | February 3 |
| Nuestra Senora de La Antigua | Panama |  | 1513 | 26 October 2013 | September 9 |
| Our Lady of Charity | Cuba |  | 1612 | 28 August 2014 | September 8 |
| Our Lady of Penafrancia | Philippines |  | 1434 | 3 December 2015 | 3rd Saturday in September |
| Our Lady of Aparecida | Brazil |  | 1717 | 3 September 2016 | December 8 |
| Virgen de Copacabana | Bolivia |  | 1583 | 25 September 2017 | February 2 August 5 |
| Virgin of Presentation of El Quinche | Ecuador |  | 1580 | 17 May 2019 | February 2 |