Garhbeta I
Garhbeta I is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Medinipur Sadar subdivision of Paschim Medinipur district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
Geography
In Garhbeta I CD Block 85% of the cultivated area has alluvial soil and 15% has lateritic soil. Garbeta I CD Block is drought prone.Garbeta is located at.
Garhbeta I CD Block is bounded by Taldangra, Bishnupur, Joypur and Kotulpur CD Blocks in Bankura district in the north, Goghat II CD Block in Hooghly district and Chandrakona I and Chandrakona II CD Blocks in the east, Garhbeta III CD Block in the south and Garhbeta II CD Block in the west.
It is located 58 km from Midnapore, the district headquarters.
Garhbeta I CD Block has an area of 361.87 km2. It has 1 panchayat samity, 12 gram panchayats, 162 gram sansads, 371 mouzas and 306 inhabited villages. Garhbeta and Goaltore police stations serve this block.Headquarters of this CD Block is at Garbeta.
Garhbeta I CD Block had a forest cover of 7,460 hectares, against a total geographical area of 36,117 hectares in 2005-06.
Gram panchayats of Garhbeta I block/ panchayat samiti are: Agra, Amkopa, Amlagora, Baramura, Benachapra, Dhadika, Garanga, Garhbeta, Kadrauttarbil, Kharkusma, Sandhipur and Shyamnagar.
Demographics
Population
As per the 2011 Census of India Garhbeta I CD Block had a total population of 228,513, of which 218,239 were rural and 10,274 were urban. There were 116.620 males and 111,893 females. Population below 6 years was 28,076. Scheduled Castes numbered 55,133 and Scheduled Tribes numbered 18,134.As per the 2001 census, Garhbeta I block had a total population of 200,393, out of which 102,687 were males and 97,706 were females. Garhbeta I block registered a population growth of 18.59 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for the combined Midnapore district was 14.87 per cent. Decadal growth in West Bengal was 17.84 per cent.
Census Towns in Garhbeta I CD Block are : Garbeta and Amlagora.
Large villages in Garhbeta I CD Block are : Khar Kusum and Lapuria.
Other villages in Garhbeta I CD Block include : Bera Chapra, Agra, Dhadhika, Shyamnagar, Garanga and Amkopa.
Literacy
As per the 2011 census the total number of literates in Garhbeta I CD Block was 144,728 out of which males numbered 80,544 and females numbered 64,184.The gender gap in literacy rates was 13.39%.See also – List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate
Languages and religion
is the local language in these areas.There is a tribal presence in many of the CD Blocks of the district. Santali is spoken by 55.93% of the tribal population of the district. The Bhumij, forming 11.16% of the tribal population, and the Mundas, forming 6.10% of the tribal population, speak Mundari. Other small groups include Koras and Mahalis. The Lodhas, forming 3.85% of the tribal population, the only primitive tribe in the district, speak Lodhi.
In the 2011 census Hindus numbered 171,514 and formed 75.05% of the population in Garhbeta I CD Block. Muslims numbered 50,743 and formed 22.21% of the population. Others numbered 6,256 and formed 2.74% of the population. Others include Addi Bassi, Marang Boro, Santal, Saranath, Sari Dharma, Sarna, Alchchi, Bidin, Sant, Saevdharm, Seran, Saran, Sarin, Kheria,. Christians and other religious communities.
BPL families
In Garhbeta I CD Block 36.17% families were living below poverty line in 2007.According to the District Human Development Report of Paschim Medinipur: The 29 CD Blocks of the district were classified into four categories based on the poverty ratio. Nayagram, Binpur II and Jamboni CD Blocks have very high poverty levels. Kharagpur I, Kharagpur II, Sankrail, Garhbeta II, Pingla and Mohanpur CD Blocks have high levels of poverty, Jhargram, Midnapore Sadar, Dantan I, Gopiballavpur II, Binpur I, Dantan II, Keshiari, Chandrakona I, Gopiballavpur I, Chandrakona II, Narayangarh, Keshpur, Ghatal, Sabang, Garhbeta I, Salboni, Debra and Garhbeta III CD Blocks have moderate levels of poverty and Daspur II and Daspur I have low levels of poverty.
Economy
Infrastructure
303 or 82% of mouzas in Garhbeta I CD Block were electrified by 31 March 2014.308 mouzas in Garhbeta I CD Block had drinking water facilities in 2013-14. There were 304 fertiliser depots, 485 seed stores and 53 fair price shops in the CD Block.
Agriculture
Although the Bargadari Act of 1950 recognised the rights of bargadars to a higher share of crops from the land that they tilled, it was not implemented fully. Large tracts, beyond the prescribed limit of land ceiling, remained with the rich landlords. From 1977 onwards major land reforms took place in West Bengal. Land in excess of land ceiling was acquired and distributed amongst the peasants.Following land reforms land ownership pattern has undergone transformation. In 2013-14, persons engaged in agriculture in Garhbeta I CD Block could be classified as follows: bargadars 5.42%, patta holders 28.40%, small farmers 4.51%, marginal farmers 21.27% and agricultural labourers 34.88%.In 2005-06 the nett cropped area in Garhbeta I CD Block was 18,452 hectares and the area in which more than one crop was grown was 17,826 hectares.
The extension of irrigation has played a role in growth of the predominantly agricultural economy.In 2013-14, the total area irrigated in Garhbeta I CD Block was 18,960 hectares, out of which 800 hectares were irrigated by canal water, 510 hectares by tank water, 6,615 hectares by deep tubewells, 9,655 hectares by shallow tube wells, 340 hectares by river lift irrigation, 380 hectares by open dug wells and 660 hectares by other methods.
In 2013-14, Garhbeta I CD Block produced 34,153 tonnes of Aman paddy, the main winter crop, from 19,350 hectares, 5,126 tonnes of Aus paddy from 2,443 hectares, 1,556 tonnes of Boro paddy from 522 hectares, 86 tonnes of wheat from 40 hectares and 72,472 tonnes of potatoes from 5,789 hectares. It also produced pulses and oilseeds.
Banking
In 2013-14, Garhbeta I CD Block had offices of 11 commercial banks and 1 gramin bank.Transport
Garhbeta I CD Block has 9 ferry services and 18 originating/ terminating bus routes.The Kharagpur-Adra line of South Eastern Railway passes through this CD Block and there is a station at Garbeta.
NH 14,, running from Morgram to Kharagpur, passes through this CD Block.
Education
In 2013-14, Garhbeta I CD Block had 180 primary schools with 14,190 students, 22 middle schools with 2,184 students, 7 high schools with 6,728 students and 15 higher secondary schools with 17,955 students. Garhbeta I CD Block had 1 general college with 1,925 students and 435 institutions for special and non-formal education with 17,780 students.The United Nations Development Programme considers the combined primary and secondary enrolment ratio as the simple indicator of educational achievement of the children in the school going age. The infrastructure available is important. In Garhbeta I CD Block out of the total 177 primary schools in 2008-2009, 102 had pucca buildings, 10 partially pucca, 3 kacha and 62 multiple type.
Garhbeta College was established at Garbeta in 1948 and is affiliated to Vidyasagar University. It offers honours in English, Bengali, history, philosophy, geography, physics, chemistry, mathematics, botany and zoology.