Genu recurvatum

Causes

• Inherent laxity of the knee ligaments
• Weakness of biceps femoris muscle
• Instability of the knee joint due to ligaments and joint capsule injuries
• Inappropriate alignment of the tibia and femur
• Malunion of the bones around the knee
• Weakness in the hip extensor muscles
• Gastrocnemius muscle weakness
• Upper motor neuron lesion
• Lower motor neuron lesion
• Deficit in joint proprioception
• Lower limb length discrepancy
• Congenital genu recurvatum
• Cerebral palsy
• Muscular dystrophy
• Limited dorsiflexion
• Popliteus muscle weakness
• Connective tissue disorders. In these disorders, there are excessive joint mobility problems. These disorders include:
• * Marfan syndrome
• * Loeys–Dietz syndrome
• * Ehlers–Danlos syndrome
• * Benign hypermobile joint syndrome
• * Osteogenesis imperfecta disease

  Pathophysiology

• Ligaments of the knee: The knee joint is stabilized by four main ligaments:
• * Anterior cruciate ligament. The ACL has an important role in stabilization of knee extension movement by preventing the knee from hyperextending.
• * Posterior cruciate ligament
• * Medial collateral ligament
• * Lateral collateral ligament
• Joint capsule or articular capsule
• Quadriceps femoris muscle
• Appropriate alignment of the femur and tibia

  Treatment

• Sometimes pharmacologic therapy for initial disease treatment
• Physical therapy:physiotherapy will be beneficial in patient with complaint of pain, discomfort.
• Occupational therapy
• Use of appropriate assistive devices such as orthoses
• Surgical treatment