Geographical centre In geography , the centroid of the two-dimensional shape of a region of the Earth's surface is known as its geographic centre or geographical centre or gravitational centre . Informally, determining the centroid is often described as finding the point upon which the shape would balance. This method is also sometimes described as the "gravitational method". One example of a refined approach using an azimuthal equidistant projection , also potentially incorporating an iterative process, was described by Peter A. Rogerson in 2015. The abstract says "the new method minimizes the sum of squared great circle distances from all points in the region to the center". However, as that property is also true of a centroid, this aspect is effectively just different terminology for determining the centroid. In 2019, New Zealand's GNS Science also used an iterative approach when determining a centre position for New Zealand's Extended Continental Shelf . However, other methods have also been proposed or used to determine the centres of various countries and regions. These include: centroid of volume, instead of the more usual centroid of area as described above. centre point of a bounding box completely enclosing the area. While relatively easy to determine, a centre point calculated using this method will generally also vary depending on the orientation of the bounding box to the area under consideration. In this sense it is not a robust method. finding the longitude that divides the region into two equal area parts to the east and west , and then similarly the latitude that divides the region into two equal area parts to the north and south . Like the bounding box approach described above this method would not generally locate precisely the same point if the same shaped region was oriented differently. As noted in a United States Geological Survey document, "There is no generally accepted definition of geographic center, and no completely satisfactory method for determining it."In general , there is room for debate around various details such as whether or not to include islands and similarly, large bodies of water , how best to handle the curvature of the Earth and closely related to that issue, which map projection to use.Notable geographical centres Geographical centre of Earth Geographical midpoint of Europe *Geographical centre of Austria *Geographical centre of Belgium *Geographical centre of Croatia is assumed to be in Bosnia and Herzegovina *Geographical centre of Estonia *Geographical centre of Hungary *Geographical centre of Ireland *Geographical centre of Lithuania *Centre of Norway *Centre of Poland *Geographical centre of Serbia *Geographical centre of Slovenia *Geographical center of Sweden *Geographical centre of Switzerland *Centre points of the United Kingdom **Centre of England **Centre of Scotland **Centre of Wales Geographic center of North America *Centre of Canada *Geographic centers of the United States and its states **Geographic center of the contiguous United States Geographical centre of the Russian Federation *Geographical centre of the Soviet Union Geographical midpoints of Asia, in China or Russia *Geographical centre of India is Barsali *Philippines *Geographic Center of Taiwan *Geographical centre of the Korean Peninsula Geographic centres in Oceania *Centre points of Australia *Geographic Centre of New Zealand
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