Georges Méliès filmography
was a French filmmaker and magician generally regarded as the first person to recognize the potential of narrative film. He made about 520 films between 1896 and 1912, covering a range of genres including trick films, fantasies, comedies, advertisements, satires, costume dramas, literary adaptations, erotic films, melodramas, and imaginary voyages. His works are often considered as important precursors to modern narrative cinema, though some recent scholars have argued that Méliès's films are better understood as spectacular theatrical creations rooted in the 19th-century féerie tradition.
After attending the first demonstration of the Lumière Brothers' Kinetoscope in December 1895, he bought a film projector from the British film experimenter Robert W. Paul and began using it to project short films at his theater of illusions, the Théâtre Robert-Houdin, in Paris. Having studied the principles on which Paul's projector ran, Méliès was able to modify the machine so that it could be used as a makeshift camera. He began making his own films with it in May 1896, founded the Star Film Company in the same year, and built his own studio in Montreuil, Seine-Saint-Denis in 1897. His films A Trip to the Moon, The Kingdom of the Fairies, and The Impossible Voyage were among the most popular films of the first few years of the twentieth century, and Méliès built a second, larger studio in 1907. However, a combination of difficulties—including American film piracy, standardized film prices set in 1908 by the Motion Picture Patents Company, and a decline in popularity of fantasy films—led eventually to Méliès's financial ruin and the closing of his studio. His last films were made in 1912 under the supervision of the rival filmmaker Charles Pathé, and in 1922–23 Méliès sold his studios, closed the Théâtre Robert-Houdin, and discarded his own collection of his negative and positive prints. In 1925 he began selling toys and candy from a stand in the Gare Montparnasse in Paris. Thanks to the efforts of film history devotées, especially René Clair, Jean George Auriol, and Paul Gilson, Méliès and his work were rediscovered in the late 1920s, and he was awarded the Legion of Honor in 1931.
In the list below, Méliès's films are numbered according to their order in the catalogues of the Star Film Company. In Méliès's numbering system, films were listed and numbered according to their order of production, and each catalogue number denotes about 20 meters of film. The original French release titles, as well as the original titles used in the US and UK versions of the Star Film catalogues, are listed in the body of the filmography; notable variant titles are provided in smaller text. The parenthetical descriptive subtitles used in the catalogues are also provided whenever possible. Films directed by Méliès but not originally released by the Star Film Company are also included. Where available, the list also includes information on whether each film survives, survives in fragmentary form, or is presumed lost. Unless otherwise referenced, the information presented here is derived from the 2008 filmography prepared by Jacques Malthête, augmented by filmographies prepared in the 1970s by Paul Hammond and John Frazer.
List of films
Miscellaneous films
Later projects
Following the revival of interest in Méliès and his work in the late 1920s, he took part in several film projects:- On 16 December 1929, a "Gala Méliès" was held at the Salle Pleyel in Paris in honor of the filmmaker. At the end of the program, after a screening of some of Méliès's films from the 1900s, a new film was projected, described by Méliès's granddaughter Madeleine Malthête-Méliès as follows:
- In 1933, Jean Aurenche and Jacques B. Brunius asked Méliès to make an advertising film for the Régie des Tabacs of France. Méliès's contribution, his final completed work as a film director, was a 28-second sequence featuring two uses of the stop substitution effect. It was reused in Brunius's 1939 film Violons d'Ingres.
- In the autumn of 1937, Méliès began work on a new film, Le Métro fantôme, with a scenario by Jacques Prévert. However, Méliès died on 21 January 1938 and the project was not completed.
Questionably attributed films
English title | French title | Date | Length |
No English title | Paulus chantant: Père la Victoire | 1897 | 20m/65 ft |
No English title | Paulus chantant: En revenant d'la revue | 1897 | 20m/65 ft |
Seek and Thou Shalt Find | No French title | January 1908 | 27m/88 ft |
The Duke's Good Joke | No French title | November 1908 | 286m/930 ft |
Cinderella Up-to-Date | No French title | October 1909 | 292m/950 ft |
For the Cause of Suffrage | No French title | October 1909 | 279m/905 ft |
For Sale—a Baby | No French title | November 1909 | 184m/600 ft |
A Tumultuous Elopement | No French title | November 1909 | Unknown |
Count's Wooing | No French title | November 1909 | 153m/497 ft |
Mrs. and Mr. Duff | No French title | November 1909 | 150m/488 ft |
No English title | Le Traitment 706/Guérison de l'obésité en 5 minutes | September 1910 | 124m/390 ft |
No English title | Le Mousquetaire de la Reine | 1910 | Unknown |
No English title | Le Conte du vieux Talute | 1910 | Unknown |
No English title | Les sept barres d'or | 1910 | Unknown |
No English title | Galatée | 1910 | Unknown |
No English title | L'Homme aux mille inventions | 1910 | Unknown |
Misattributed films
The following films by other directors have occasionally been erroneously credited to Méliès:Title | Year | Actual director | Studio |
Magic Roses | 1906 | Segundo de Chomón | Pathé |
Excursion to the Moon | 1908 | Segundo de Chomón | Pathé |
The Red Devil | 1908 | Probably Ferdinand Zecca | Pathé |
Bessie's Ride | 1911 | Gaston Méliès | Star Film |
Changing Cooks | 1911 | Gaston Méliès | Star Film |
Mary's Stratagem | 1911 | Gaston Méliès | Star Film |
Mexican As It Is Spoken | 1911 | Gaston Méliès | Star Film |
The Mission Waif | 1911 | Gaston Méliès | Star Film |
The Ranch Man's Debt of Honor | 1911 | Gaston Méliès | Star Film |
Right or Wrong | 1911 | Gaston Méliès | Star Film |
Red Cloud's Secret | 1911 | Gaston Méliès | Star Film |
The Stolen Grey | 1911 | Gaston Méliès | Star Film |
His Terrible Lesson | 1911 | Gaston Méliès | Star Film |
Tommy's Rocking Horse | 1911 | Gaston Méliès | Star Film |
The Ghost of Sulphur Mountain | 1912 | Gaston Méliès | Star Film |
The Prisoner's Story | 1912 | Gaston Méliès | Star Film |