Gheorghe Șincai


Gheorghe Șincai was an ethnic Romanian Transylvanian historian, philologist, translator, poet, and representative of the Enlightenment-influenced Transylvanian School.
As the director of Greek Catholic education in Transylvania he brought a fundamental contribution to the process of promoting culture in rural environments. With Samuil Micu he composed the first written grammar of the Romanian language: Elementa linguae daco-romanae sive valachicae , in which he demonstrated the Latin origins of the Romanian language.

Biography

Born in Râciu de Câmpie, now Mureș County, he studied at Târgu-Mureș, Cluj, Bistrița, Blaj, Vienna and Rome.
He turned out to be a polyglot, thoroughly mastering Greek, Latin, Hungarian, German, Italian and French. His knowledge and culture allowed him to occupy the function of librarian of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples in Rome, having permission to research any type of document. In the Papal States, and later in Hungary and in Vienna, he carried out research work in various libraries, copying and transcribing exactly any reference to the history of the Romanians.
Șincai assiduously worked to educate commoners, dedicating himself to a career in teaching, and contributing to the establishment of an impressive number of Greek-Catholic parochial schools. In 1784 he was named general director of Romanian Uniate schools in all of Transylvania.
He translated and expanded the following basic textbooks for educational purposes: Abecedarul, Gramatica, Aritmetica and Catehismul, adapting or creating the terminology necessary for pupils to understand these. He proved himself to be a remarkable translator, rendering the Bible into Romanian.
In 1794 Șincai came into direct conflict with Bishop Ioan Bob; he was thrown into the harsh prison of Aiud, being followed and persecuted by the Habsburg authorities after his release in 1796.
In 1811 Șincai published a work of history, written in the form of annals and amply titled: Hronica românilor și a mai multor neamuri în cât au fost ele amestecate cu românii, cât lucrurile, întâmplările și faptele unora față de ale altora nu se pot scrie pre înțeles, din mai multe mii de autori, în cursul a treizeci și patru de ani culese.
Șincai died at Szinye, near Kassa.