Gilbert Hay (poet)


Gilbert Hay or Sir Gilbert the Haye, Scottish poet and translator, was perhaps a kinsman of the house of Errol.
If he is the student named in the registers of the University of St Andrews in 1418-1419, his birth may be fixed about 1403. He was in France in 1432, perhaps some years earlier, for a "Gilbert de la Haye" is mentioned as present at Reims, in July 1430, at the coronation of Charles VII. He has left it on record, in the Prologue to his Buke of the Law of Armys, that he was "chaumerlayn umquhyle to the maist worthy King Charles of France." In 1456 he was back in Scotland, in the service of the chancellor, William, Earl of Orkney and Caithness, "in his castell of Rosselyn," south of Edinburgh. The date of his death is unknown.
Hay is named by Dunbar in his Lament for the Makaris, and by Sir David Lyndsay in his Testament and Complaynt of the Papyngo. His only poetic work is The Buik of King Alexander the Conquerour, of which a portion, in copy, formerly at Taymouth Castle, now lies in the National Records of Scotland. Another copy, believed to be an earlier version, on which the Taymouth copy is based, can be found at the British Library. A more accessible version of both with a detailed textual analysis of the differences was published by the Scottish Text Society in 1986.
He has left three translations, extant in one volume in the collection of Abbotsford:
  1. The Buke of the Law of Armys or the Buke of Bataillis, a translation of Honoré Bonet's Arbre des batailles
  2. The Buke of the Order of Knichthood from the Livre de l'ordre de chevalerie of Ramon Llull
  3. The Buke of the Governaunce of Princes, from a French version of the pseudo-Aristotelian Secreta secretorum
The second of these precedes Caxton's independent translation by at least ten years.
An early commentary and edited version of the Taymouth Castle MS of the Bulk of Alexander was written by Albert Herrmann as The Taymouth Castle Manuscript of Sir Gilbert Hay's Buik, &c.,. The complete Abbotsford Manuscript has been reprinted by the Scottish Text Society. The first volume, containing The Buke of the Law of Armys, appeared in 1901. The Order of Knichthood was printed by David Laing for the Abbotsford Club. See also STS edition "Introduction" and Gregory Smith's Specimens of Middle Scots, in which annotated extracts are given from the Abbotsford Manuscript, the oldest known example of literary Scots prose.

Works