Giovanni Minzoni was an Italian anti-fascist priest that was killed by a fascist squad in 1923. In spite of having been killed during his duties as priest, the Catholic Church never considered making him Saint unlike other priests and bishops that were lenient toward Franchism, Fascism and Nazism. Minzoni was born to a middle-class family. He studied in seminary and in 1909 was ordained priest. The following year he was appointed Deputy Pastor in the town of Argenta, which he left in 1912 to go to study in the Scuola Sociale in Bergamo, where he was awarded his degree. Admired both for his courage and determination to cooperate with farmers during World War I Father Minzoni was sent to the front between Italy and Austro-Hungary as an army chaplain.
At the end of World War I, Fr Minzoni returned to Argenta, where he joined the Popular Party the fore-runner of the Christian Democrats. Although this was a rather centrist party, he became friends with the socialist labor union leaderNatale Gaiba, who was assassinated by the blackshirts in 1923. This and many other episodes turned him against Fascism. In addition to ideas about social rights, he became increasingly convinced of the need for cooperation, thus becoming an open enemy of the fascist regime that strongly favored corporativism.
Antifascism
After some time Giovanni Minzoni rejected the introduction of the fascist youth movement, the Opera Nazionale Balilla in Argenta, because he preferred to educate the young people of the town in the values of Catholicism. After meeting Father Emilio Faggioli, the founder in April 1917 of the scout group Bologna I, and who became regional assistant for Catholic Scouts in Emilia-Romagna, Minzoni became convinced of the virtues and good values taught by the Scout Movement. He therefore decided to found a scout group in his own parish.
In July 1923, Minzoni invited Monsignor Faggioli to speak about the aims of the scouts in the parish hall in Argenta. Local fascists vocally objected to the formation of a youth group not under the control of Mussolini and vowed that no scouts would enter the main square, to which Faggioli replied that the scouts would enter the main square as long as Minzoni was there. More than seventy scouts were subsequently enrolled.
Death of Giovanni Minzoni
Increasingly in conflict with the local Mussolinian establishment, Father Minzoni was killed around 10:30 pm on August 23, 1923 by two fascist "squadristi", Giorgio Molinari e Vittore Casoni, who smashed his skull with a club; they were reportedly following orders of the local "Console di Milizia" Italo Balbo, who was so shaken by the scandal that he had to resign temporarily from his post, though all the accused were later acquitted at trial in 1925. Just before his death, Don Minzoni wrote in his diary: His death turned his prayer into reality, with a promise made before departing for WWI:
Echoes in the Italian press
After receiving news about the murder of Don Minzoni, Italian newspapers, :it:Il Popolo and :it:La Voce Repubblicana, still partly free in 1923 extensively covered the murder, and soon disclosed all the direct executors of the fascist murder, and their secret instigator, later absolved at trial due to interference and pressure from the fascist squads and media. A new trial was held after the end of World War II, when the fascists were no longer able to threaten and cover up the truth. The verdict absolved Balbo from all the charges, although the trial ended with the condemnation of two men for second degree murder. After the war, Giovanni Minzoni became a symbol of the Italian Catholic Resistance, and many books were written about the martyrdom of this lesser parish priest, widely known for his courage and sanctity. As of 2016, his martyrdom was still being commemorated by groups including Azione Cattolica and the Christian Associations of Italian Workers.
