Gloria Ford Gilmer


Gloria C. Gilmer is an American mathematician and educator, notable for being the first African American woman to publish a non-PhD thesis.

Early life and education

Gilmer was born in Baltimore, Maryland. She studied for her Bachelor of Science degree at Morgan State University,, where she was part of the class of 1949. While there, she published two papers with her supervisor Luna Mishoe; these were the first two research papers published by an African American woman, being published in 1956, under her maiden name of Gloria C. Ford. She was also a student of Clarence Stephens while there.
After receiving her MA in Mathematics at the University of Pennsylvania, she went to work on ballistics research at the Aberdeen Proving Ground, and later to teach at six HBCUs. She studied for a PhD at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, but left after a year, later citing "a marriage, children, and the necessity to earn a living". She subsequently gained a PhD from Marquette University, in Education Administration. The title of her dissertation is "Effects Of Small Discussion Groups On Self-Paced Instruction In a Developmental Algebra Course".

Post-doctoral career

Much of Gilmer's work has been in ethnomathematics; she was described as a "leader in the field" by Scott W. Williams, a mathematics professor at SUNY Buffalo.
An example of this research is when, based on fieldwork in New York and Baltimore, Gilmer and her assistants, 14-year-old Stephanie Desgrottes and teacher Mary Potter, observed and interviewed both hair stylists and customers in the two cities' salons, inquiring about tessellations in box braids and triangular braids, two styles that restrict the movement of the hair when the head is tossed. While these hair stylists do not generally think of what they do as mathematical, Gilmer detailed the many mathematically-based patterns in these and other types of braiding and how they are found in nature, such as the tessellating hexagons found in braids that resembles the flesh of pineapples and the honeycombs in beehives. As an educator, Gilmer used these results to create classroom activities for students to understand the mathematics of hair braiding.
In the early 1980s, Gilmer was the first African American woman to be on the board of governors of the Mathematical Association of America. Between 1981 and 1984, Gilmer was a research associate at the United States Department of Education, where she was part of the Office of Educational Research and Improvement. In 1985 she co-founded and the Executive Board of International Study Group on Ethnomathematics, of which she was the President from 1985 to 1996. She was also the second person, and first women, to give the National Association of Mathematicians' Cox-Talbot lecture, which was named in honour of the first and fourth African Americans to receive PhDs in mathematics.
As of 2008, was the president of Math-Tech, a corporation that aims to take new research material and create more effective mathematics curricula, particularly with respect to women and minorities.

Personal life

Gilmer married and had two children; her son became a lawyer, and her daughter became the president of Math-Tech. As of 2011, Gilmer lived in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

List of published works