Government of Barbados
The Government of Barbados, is symbolically headed by the monarch, Queen Elizabeth II as Head of State. She is represented in the country by the Governor-General, currently Dame Sandra Mason, G.C.M.G., K.A.
The country has a bicameral legislature and a political party system, based on universal adult suffrage and fair elections. The Senate has 21 members, appointed by the Governor-General on behalf of the monarch, 12 on the advice of the Prime Minister, two on the advice of the Leader of the Opposition, and seven at the Governor-General's sole discretion. The House of Assembly has 30 members, all elected. Both houses debate all legislation. However, the House of Assembly may override Senate's rejection of money bills and other bills except bills amending the Constitution.
Officers of each house are elected from the members of the respective houses.
In keeping with the Westminster system of governance, Barbados has evolved into an independent parliamentary democracy and Constitutional monarchy, meaning that all political power rests with the Parliament under a non-political monarch as head of state, which allows stability. Executive authority is vested in the monarch, who normally acts only on the advice of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, who are collectively responsible to Parliament. Barbadian law is rooted in English common law, and the Constitution of Barbados implemented in 1966, is the supreme law of the land.
Fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual are set out in the Constitution and are protected by a strict legal code.
The Cabinet is headed by the Prime Minister, who must be an elected member of Parliament, and other ministers are appointed from either chamber by the Governor-General, as advised by the Prime Minister.
The Governor-General appoints as Leader of the Opposition the member of House of Assembly who commands the support of the largest number of members of that House in opposition to the ruling party's government.
The maximum duration of a Parliament is five years from the first sitting. There is a simultaneous dissolution of both Houses of Parliament by the Governor-General, acting on the advice of the Prime Minister.
There is an established non-political civil service. Also, there are separate constitutional commissions for the Judicial and Legal Service, the Public Service, and the Police Service.
History
The government has been chosen by elections since 1961 elections, when Barbados achieved full self-governance. Before then, the government was a Crown colony consisting of either colonial administration solely, or a mixture of colonial rule and a partially elected assembly, such as the Legislative Council.Since independence the Democratic Labour Party held office 1966 to 1976, from 1986 to 1994, and from January 2008 to 2018. The Barbados Labour Party governed from 1976 to 1986, from September 1994 – 2008 and has formed the government from 2018–Present.
Executive branch
The Executive Branch of government conducts the ordinary business of government. These functions are called out by the Prime Minister and cabinet ministers. The prime minister chooses the ministers of government they wish to have in the cabinet but they are actually appointed by the governor general.- Heads of State
- * Monarchy
- *Governor General
- Head of Government
- * Prime Ministers
- * Premier
- * Attorney General's
- * Ministers
List of Government Ministries, Ministers and Permanent Secretaries
| Ministry | Minister Responsible | Permanent Secretary |
| Prime Minister's Office | Hon. Mia Mottley, Q.C., M.P | Ms. Alies Jordan |
| Ministry of the Public Service | Hon. Mia Mottley, Q.C., M.P | Ms. Gail Atkins |
| Ministry of Finance, Economic Affairs and Investment | Hon. Mia Mottley, Q.C., M.P Hon. Ryan Straughn, M.P Hon. Marsha Caddle, M.P | Ms. Nancy Headley Mr. Alyson Forte |
| Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade | Senator Dr. Jerome Walcott Hon. Sandra Husbands, M.P | Ms. Simone Rudder |
| Office of the Attorney General and Ministry of Legal Affairs | Hon. Dale Marshall, Q.C., M.P | Ms. Yvette Goddard |
| Ministry of Education, Technological and Vocational Training | Hon. Santia Bradshaw, M.P | Ms. Betty Alleyne Headley |
| Ministry of Home Affairs | Hon. Edmund Hinkson, M.P | Ms. Deborah Payne |
| Ministry of Health and Wellness | Lt. Colonel Hon. Jeffery Bostic, M.P | Ms. Janet Philips |
| Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security | Hon. Indar Weir, M.P | Mr. Terry Bascombe |
| Ministry of Labour and Social Partnership Relations | Hon. Colin Jordan, M.P | Dr. Karen Best |
| Ministry of Housing, Lands and Rural Development | Hon. George Payne, Q.C., M.P Hon. Charles Griffith, M.P | Mr. Timothy Maynard |
| Ministry of International Business and Industry | Hon. Ronald Toppin, M.P | Ms. June Chandler |
| Ministry of Tourism and International Transport | Hon. Kerrie Symmonds, M.P | Ms. Donna Cadogan |
| Ministry of Youth and Community Empowerment | Hon. Adrian Forde, M.P | Ms. Yolande Howard |
| Ministry of People Empowerment and Elder Affairs | Hon. Cynthia Forde, J.P, M.P | Ms. Gabrielle Springer |
| Ministry of Small Business, Entrepreneurship and Commerce | Hon. Dwight Sutherland, M.P | Mr. Esworth Reid |
| Ministry of Environment and National Beautification | Hon. Trevor Prescod, M.P | Ms. Daphne Kellman |
| Ministry of Energy and Water Resources | Hon. Wilfred Abrahams | Mr. Andrew Gittens Ms. Francine Blackman |
| Ministry of Transport, Works and Maintenance | Hon. William Duguid, M.P Hon. Peter Phillips, M.P | Mr. Mark Cummins |
| Ministry of Creative Economy, Culture and Sports | Hon. John King, M.P | Mr. Jehu Wiltshire |
| Ministry of Maritime Affairs and the Blue Economy | Hon. Kirk Humphrey, M.P | Ms. Sonia Foster |
| Ministry of Innovation, Science and Smart Technology | Senator Kay McConney | Mr. Charley Browne |
| Ministry of Information, Broadcasting and Public Affairs | Senator Lucille Moe | Ms. Sandra Phillips |
Legislative Branch
Under Barbados' version of the Westminster system of government, the executive and legislative branches are partly intertwined.The only official Cabinet office expressly mentioned in the Constitution of Barbados is Office of the Attorney-General.
- Governor General
- Chief Secretaries
- Auditors-General
- Senators
- * Presidents of the Senate
- Members of the House
- * Speakers of the House of Assembly
- Clerks of Parliament
Law
Legislation may be shaped or influenced by such organisations as the United Nations, the Organization of American States, or other international bodies to which Barbados has obligatory commitments by treaty. Additionally, through international co-operation, other institutions may supply the Barbados Parliament with key sample legislation to be adapted to meet local circumstances before enacting it as local law.
New acts are passed by the Barbadian Parliament and require royal assent by the Governor-General to become law.
Judicial branch
The Judiciary is the legal system through which punishments are handed out to individuals who break the law. The Judiciary also settles disputes.The Functions of The judiciary:
°To Enforce Laws
°To interpret Laws
°To conduct court hearings
°To hear court appeals
The local court system of Barbados is made up of:
- Magistrates' Courts: Covering Criminal, Civil, Domestic, Domestic Violence, and Juvenile matters. But can also take up matters dealing with Coroner's Inquests, Liquor Licences, and civil marriages. Further, the Magistrates' Courts deal with Contract and Tort law where claims do not exceed $10,000.00.
- The Supreme Court: is made up of High Court and Court of Appeals.
- *High Court: Consisting of Civil, Criminal, and Family law divisions.
- *Court of Appeal: Handles appeals from the High Court and Magistrates' Court. It hears appeals in both the civil, and criminal law jurisdictions. It may consist of a single Justice of Appeal sitting in Chambers; or may sit as a Full Court of three Justices of Appeals.
- The Caribbean Court of Justice,, is the court of last resort over Barbadian law. It replaced the London-based Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. The CCJ may resolve other disputed matters dealing with the Caribbean Single Market and Economy.
- Chief Justices
- * Justices of Appeals
- * Magistrates
Perception