Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States
The United States produced 5.4 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent greenhouse gas emissions in 2018, the second largest in the world after China and among the worst countries by greenhouse gas emissions per person. Because coal-fired power stations are gradually shutting down, in the 2010s emissions from electricity generation fell to second place behind transportation, which is now the largest single source.
General
The Bush administration opted not to sign the Kyoto Protocol to reduce emissions. The Obama administration attempted to adopt some Kyoto Protocol goals.The US.State Department offered a nation-level perspective in the Fourth US Climate Action Report to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, including measures to address climate change.
Carbon emissions by categories
The largest source of emissions in 2017 was transportation at 29%, followed by electricity generation at 28% and industry at 22%.Individual action
Recommended actions individuals can take on climate change include diet, travel alternatives, household energy use, reduced consumption and family size. Individuals can also engage in local and political advocacy around issues of climate change.Reporting requirement
Since 2011 the USEPA's Mandatory Reporting of Greenhouse Gases rule, requires thousands of companies in the US to monitor and report their greenhouse gas emissions.A detailed inventory of fossil fuel emissions is provided by the Project Vulcan.
In February 2018, an explosion and blowout in a natural gas well in Belmont County, Ohio was detected by the Copernicus Sentinel-5P satellite's Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument. The well was owned by XTO Energy. About 30 homes were evacuated, and brine and produced water were discharged into streams flowing into the Ohio River. The blowout lasted 20 days, releasing more than 50,000 tons of methane into the atmosphere. The blowout leaked more methane than is discharged by most European nations in a year from their oil and gas industries.
Federal strategies and measures to address greenhouse gases
Cross-sectoral
- Voluntary Reporting of Greenhouse Gases Under 1605:
- Federal Energy Management Program
Greenhouse gases other than CO2
- Methane Programs
- Environmental Stewardship —The objective of this initiative is to limit emissions of HFCs, PFCs, and SF6 in three industrial applications: semiconductor production, electric power distribution, and magnesium production.
- HFC-23 —To reduce HFC-23 emissions from the manufacture of the ozone-depleting substance HCFC-22
Transportation
Programs to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the transportation sector:
- CAFE:
- SmartWay
- Renewable Fuel Standard:
- FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership and Vehicle Technologies Program:
- Clean Cities
- Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement Program.
- Aircraft Fuel Efficiency:
- Biomass and Biorefinery Systems Program
Energy consumption, residential and commercial
- EPA Clean Energy Programs - Energy Star
- Commercial Building Integration and Residential Building Integration.
- Weatherization Assistance Program
- State Energy Program
Energy consumption, industrial
- Energy Star for industry
- Industrial Technologies Program
Energy supply
- Wind power in the United States
- Solar power in the United States
- Geothermal power in the United States
- Biofuel in the United States:
- Distributed generation
- EPA Clean Energy Programs - Green Power Partnership
- EPA Clean Energy Programs - Combined Heat and Power Partnership
- Carbon Capture and Storage Research Program
- *Advanced Energy Systems Program
- *CO2 Capture
- *CO2 Storage
Agriculture
- Environmental Quality Incentives Program
- Conservation Reserve Program
- Conservation Security Program
Forestry
- Healthy Forests Initiative
- Forest Land Enhancement Program
Waste management
- Landfill Methane Outreach Program
- WasteWise to encourage recycling and source reduction.
Regional and state initiatives
Regional initiatives
- Western Climate Initiative
- The Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative, founded in 2007, is a state-level emissions capping and trading program by nine northeastern U.S. states: Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Rhode Island, and Vermont. It is a cap and trade program in which states "sell nearly all emission allowances through auctions and invest proceeds in energy efficiency, renewable energy and other consumer benefit programs".
- Western Governors Association Clean and Diversified Energy Initiative
- Powering the Plains
- Carbon Sequestration Regional Partnerships
- U.S. Mayors Climate Protection Agreement
- National Governors Association ´s Securing a Clean Energy Future.
California
- Vehicle Air Pollution - States and implies that California Senate does not have to adhere to cutbacks in emissions standards further allowing stricter emissions standards than the federal government for the state of California. Under this senate resolution the current administration or other federal powers will be opposed by California in any reduction or cutback of the Clean Air Act policies that are currently in place; allowing California to have higher emissions and air quality standards. This policy is because of the threat by the current administration's efforts to reverse environmental policies, in this case vehicle emissions standards. This opposition of federal policy changes is allowed through California's Clean Air Act preemption waiver granted to the state by the EPA on July 8, 2009. California's waiver applies to vehicles made in 2009 and later. The current standard being followed by the state is a goal of all vehicles reaching an average of 35 miles per gallon.https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2009-07-08/pdf/E9-15943.pdf California saw a large decline in vehicle emissions from 2007 to 2013 as well as a rise in emissions following 2013 which can be attributed to different circumstances some of which include increased population, increased employment, increase in overall state GDP meaning more productivity in the state.
- Vehicle Registration: Environmental Rebates - Establishes a rebate for any transportation improvement fee on a vehicle. This Senate Bill allots funds from the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund to the Climate Policy Special rebate fund and which are then transferred to the department of motor vehicles to pay for newly registered vehicles or renewed vehicles. According to the policy the cost per vehicle is to be displayed in the registration paperwork.
Lead by example programs
- New Hampshire's Building Energy Conservation Initiative
- New Jersey's Green Power Purchasing Program
- Atlanta's Virginia Highland - 1st Carbon Neutral Zone in the United States
Long-term measures
- Carbon Sequestration Regional Partnerships
- Nuclear:
- *Generation IV Nuclear Energy Systems Initiative
- * Nuclear Hydrogen Initiative
- * Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative
- * Global Nuclear Energy Partnership
- Clean Automotive Technology
- Hydrogen Technology
- and High-temperature superconductivity
International efforts
- Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
- International Renewable Energy Agency
- Montreal Protocol
- Paris Agreement
- United Nations Environment Programme
- United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change