Großhansdorf was first mentioned in 1274 in a deed of Hamburg's St. Catherine's Church congregation, to which Großhansdorf was affiliated at that time. In 1435 the city of Hamburg acquired Großhansdorf and administered it as part of its forest villages domain, consisting ofa series of Hamburgian exclaves surrounded by then else Holstein territories. In 1642 the erection of a water mill is recorded, which operated until the 19th century. Since 1701 Großhansdorf was the seat of a forest rider, an official of Hamburg's police administration, which is recalled in today's coat-of-arms of Großhansdorf. Hamburg then formed a free imperial city within the Holy Roman Empire. By 1806 the rotation of arable fields among the resident farming families - as typical within crop rotation - was replaced by coupling fields to become fixed particular family properties, which thus could be alienated - such as by sale or compulsory auction - and therefore pledged to secure credits. So agriculture was integrated into monetary economy. Between 1811 and 1813 Großhansdorf formed a part of the First French Empire, Bouches-de-l'Elbe département, before it was restored to Hamburg, then forming a sovereign city state within the new loose German Confederation. In 1872 Groß-Hansdorf is connecting Großhansdorf by three stations with Hamburg. By the territorial redeployment through the Greater Hamburg Act Groß-Hansdorf-Schmalenbeck was ceded from the state of Hamburg to the Prussian Province of Schleswig-Holstein with effect of 1 April 1937, forming since a municipality within the Stormarn district. The name Groß-Hansdorf prevailed in colloquial usage. The British occupation forces elevated the province to the State of Schleswig-Holstein in 1946. For one and a half years Groß-Hansdorf-Schmalenbeck formed a part of Ahrensburg collective municipality, before it regained municipal status, under the now official name Großhansdorf since. The inhabitants spread over the locality Schmalenbeck and the locality Großhansdorf. Following the massive destructions by Bombing of Hamburg in World War II many a homeless Hamburger moved to Großhansdorf.
