Groom of the Chamber


Groom of the Chamber was a position in the Household of the monarch in early modern England. Other Ancien Régime royal establishments in Europe had comparable officers, often with similar titles. In France, the Duchy of Burgundy, and in England while French was still the language of the court, the title was varlet or valet de chambre. In German, Danish and Russian the term was "Kammerjunker" and in Swedish the similar "Kammarjunkare".
In England after the Restoration, appointments in the King's Household included Groom of the Great Chamber, Groom of the Privy Chamber and Groom of the Bedchamber. The first two positions were appointed by Lord Chamberlain's warrant; the third, of greater importance, was a Crown appointment.

Medieval and early-modern England

Traditionally, the English Court was organized into three branches or departments:
  1. the Household, primarily concerned with fiscal more than domestic matters, the "royal purse;"
  2. the Chamber, concerned with the Presence Chamber, the Privy chamber, and other more public rooms of the royal palaces, as the Bedchamber was concerned with the innermost.
  3. the Bedchamber, focused on the most direct and intimate aspects of the lives of the royal family, with its own offices, like the Groom of the Body and the Squire of the Body;
The Chamber organization was controlled by the Lord Chamberlain; if he was the general of a small army of servitors, the Grooms of the Chamber were his junior officers, with ushers and footmen the footsoldiers. The Grooms wore the royal livery, served as general attendants, and fulfilled a wide range of specific functions. Grooms ranked below Gentlemen of the Chamber, usually important noblemen, but above Yeomen of the Chamber. They were mostly well-born, on a first rung of a courtier's career. The office of Groom of the Chamber could also be bestowed in a more honorific manner, upon people who served the royal household in some less direct way; the early Tudor poet Stephen Hawes became a Groom of the Chamber in 1502, under Henry VII.
Under James I, the Bedchamber was established as a semi-autonomous department with its own hierarchy of Gentlemen, Grooms and Yeomen, which usurped those of the Privy Chamber in terms of their influence with and closeness to the King..
;;;Grooms Extraordinary
In the reigns of the early monarchs of the House of Stuart, James I and Charles I, the actors of the King's Men, the playing company under royal patronage, were officially "Grooms extraordinary of the Chamber". They did not usually fulfill the normal functions of the office; rather, they served the King by performing plays for him. Although on busy occasions, the King's Men appear to have acted as more ordinary servants: in August 1604 they were "waiting and attending" upon the Spanish ambassador at Somerset House, "on his Majesty's service" — but no plays were performed.) They were also turned out to bulk up the Household for grand ceremonial occasions. A similar arrangement held for some of Queen Anne's Men, including their playwright Thomas Heywood; they became Grooms of the Queen's Chamber, under the Queen's Chamberlain. On some occasions, Shakespeare, Heywood, and their compatriots wore the royal livery, marched in processions, and played other roles in the ceremonial life of the monarchy. In at least two cases, those of George Bryan and John Singer, professional actors became "normal" Grooms of the Chamber, with the normal duties, after retiring from the stage.

List of Grooms of the Chamber

;;;Elizabeth I
;;;James I
Charles I '''
James I
Charles I
Commonwealth
No Grooms of the Bedchamber appointed

Post-Restoration England and Great Britain

Fourteen Grooms of the Great Chamber were appointed under Charles II ; they served as internal court messengers and were in attendance in the guard room.
The Grooms of the Privy Chamber were six in number ; initially responsible for manning the doors to the Privy Chamber, by 1720 the office largely lost its function, but attendance was still required for Coronations and other 'extraordinary Occasions'.
There were usually a dozen or so Grooms of the Bedchamber appointed, two of whom were on duty at any one time. They served for a week at a time in rotation and were responsible for attending the King in the Chamber when he dressed, and at Dinner when he dined privately. They would also deputise for the Lords of the Bedchamber if required to do so. Grooms of the Bedchamber were close to the King and were occasionally sent overseas as special envoys to negotiate royal marriages and such. During the exile of James II a court was maintained by that king in France and certain of his grooms joined him there. Similarly, during the last years of the reign of King George III, when he withdrew from public life in consequence of his poor mental health, several of his grooms followed him to Windsor Castle, whilst others remained in London to serve the Prince Regent, later to become King George IV. When the Monarch was a Queen, the positions of Groom of the Bedchamber were not filled.

List of Grooms of the Privy Chamber

Charles II
Date
6 June 1660Maurice WynnJames ElliottRobert Thompson---
7 June 1660Maurice WynnJames ElliottRobert ThompsonAdam Hill--
10 June 1660Maurice WynnJames ElliottRobert ThompsonAdam HillAdrian May-
12 June 1660Maurice WynnJames ElliottRobert ThompsonAdam HillAdrian MayJames Progers
17 May 1661Maurice WynnJames ElliottRobert ThompsonRoger BurgessAdrian MayJames Progers
27 January 1669Maurice WynnJames ElliottRobert ThompsonThomas RossAdrian MayJames Progers
30 April 1670Maurice WynnJames ElliottRobert ThompsonThomas RossArthur IngramJames Progers
15 May 1671Maurice WynnJames ElliottRobert ThompsonThomas RossArthur IngramThomas Cooke
15 May 1672Maurice WynnJames ElliottRobert ThompsonThomas RossPaul FrenchThomas Cooke
17 May 1673Maurice WynnJames ElliottRobert ThompsonThomas RossPaul FrenchJohn Lowther
25 June 1673Maurice WynnJames ElliottRobert ThompsonChristopher JeffreysPaul FrenchJohn Lowther
8 July 1676Maurice WynnJames ElliottRobert ThompsonChristopher JeffreysJohn BellinghamJohn Lowther
18 December 1676Maurice WynnJames ElliottRobert ThompsonChristopher JeffreysJohn BellinghamHumphrey Graves
11 October 1677Maurice WynnRichard BinnsRobert ThompsonChristopher JeffreysJohn BellinghamHumphrey Graves
20 May 1678Maurice WynnYelverton PeytonRobert ThompsonChristopher JeffreysJohn BellinghamHumphrey Graves
23 October 1680Edward LloydYelverton PeytonRobert ThompsonChristopher JeffreysJohn BellinghamHumphrey Graves
20 August 1683Edward LloydJohn RadcliffeRobert ThompsonChristopher JeffreysJohn BellinghamHumphrey Graves

James II 1685–1688
William III 1689–1702
Date
February 1689Robert ThompsonChristopher Jeffreys--
28 March 1689Robert ThompsonChristopher JeffreysThomas DuppaHumphrey Graves
12 January 1694David CarbonellChristopher JeffreysThomas DuppaHumphrey Graves
29 July 1695David CarbonellWilliam WallisThomas DuppaHumphrey Graves
30 November 1695William WhitmoreWilliam WallisThomas DuppaHumphrey Graves
22 December 1699William WhitmoreWilliam WallisThomas DuppaRobert Barkham
19 May 1700William WhitmoreRobert WallisThomas DuppaRobert Barkham
25 October 1701William WhitmoreCornelius TilburghThomas DuppaRobert Barkham
-William Whitmore--Robert Barkham
-William Whitmore---
-William Whitmore---
-William Whitmore---

1702–1901
Date
9 July 1702John BonningRobert Hemmington--
26 March 1711John BonningRobert HemmingtonCornelius Tilburgh-
28 May 1715Joseph AshleyRobert HemmingtonCornelius Tilburgh-
3 February 1719James TrymmerRobert HemmingtonCornelius Tilburgh-
12 August 1719James TrymmerRobert HemmingtonCornelius TilburghEdward Parsons
25 November 1720James TrymmerRobert HemmingtonCornelius TilburghJohn Parsons
10 December 1728James TrymmerLangham EdwardsCornelius TilburghJohn Parsons
11 May 1729James TrymmerWentworth OdiarneCornelius TilburghJohn Parsons
2 June 1740James TrymmerWentworth OdiarneCharles CollinsJohn Parsons
7 June 1745James TrymmerWentworth OdiarneCharles CollinsEdward Capell
24 February 1750James TrymmerWentworth OdiarneCharles Husband CollinsEdward Capell
3 June 1762James TrymmerStrelley PeggeCharles Husband CollinsEdward Capell
8 October 1762Samuel PeggeStrelley PeggeCharles Husband CollinsEdward Capell
5 July 1774Samuel PeggeStrelley PeggeJohn LarpentEdward Capell
6 July 1774Samuel PeggeThomas CollinsJohn LarpentEdward Capell
24 October 1778Samuel PeggeThomas CollinsWilliam FordyceEdward Capell
24 February 1781Samuel PeggeThomas CollinsWilliam FordyceJames Trail
18 November 1781Samuel PeggeJames HawkinsWilliam FordyceJames Trail
7 March 1785Samuel PeggeJames HawkinsHale Young WorthamJames Trail
March 1788Samuel PeggeJames HawkinsRichard ByronJames Trail
5 February 1794Samuel PeggeJames HawkinsEdmund ArmstrongJames Trail
19 October 1797Samuel PeggeJames HawkinsRobert ChesterJames Trail
29 July 1798Samuel PeggeJames HawkinsJames MellerJames Trail
1799Samuel PeggeJames WhitshedJames MellerJames Trail
23 May 1800John HunterJames WhitshedJames MellerJames Trail
18 May 1802John HunterWilliam Chapman FowleJames MellerJames Trail
19 August 1808John HunterWilliam Chapman FowleJames MellerFrederick Chapman
3 June 1812William Fenton ScottWilliam Chapman FowleJames MellerFrederick Chapman
6 July 1814Robert PowellWilliam Chapman FowleJames MellerFrederick Chapman
12 August 1818Robert PowellWilliam Chapman FowleWilliam BeresfordFrederick Chapman
12 December 1823Robert PowellWilliam Chapman FowleWilliam BeresfordCharles Dashwood
21 April 1832Robert PowellWilliam Chapman FowleWilliam BeresfordCourtenay Edmund William Boyle
23 April 1833Thomas ShiffnerWilliam Chapman FowleWilliam BeresfordCourtenay Edmund William Boyle
6 May 1836Arthur Johnstone BlackwoodWilliam Chapman FowleWilliam BeresfordCourtenay Edmund William Boyle
1 November 1839Arthur Johnstone BlackwoodStewart Henry PagetWilliam BeresfordCourtenay Edmund William Boyle
24 February 1840Arthur Johnstone BlackwoodThomas Noel HarrisWilliam BeresfordCourtenay Edmund William Boyle
1 March 1852Arthur Johnstone BlackwoodThomas Noel HarrisHon. Mortimer Sackville-WestCourtenay Edmund William Boyle
13 July 1852Arthur Johnstone BlackwoodThomas Noel HarrisSamuel RandallCourtenay Edmund William Boyle
16 February 1859Arthur Johnstone BlackwoodThomas Noel HarrisSamuel RandallJohn Home Purves
31 March 1860Arthur Johnstone BlackwoodJohn Francis Campbell, of IslaySamuel RandallJohn Home Purves
2 October 1862Arthur Johnstone BlackwoodJohn Francis Campbell, of IslayEdward Stopford ClaremontJohn Home Purves
3 July 1867Arthur Johnstone BlackwoodJohn Francis Campbell, of IslayEdward Stopford ClaremontHon. Roden Berkeley Wriothesley Noel
14 January 1871Arthur Johnstone BlackwoodJohn Francis Campbell, of IslayEdward Stopford ClaremontHon. Charles George Cornwallis Eliot
8 January 1874James BonteinJohn Francis Campbell, of IslayEdward Stopford ClaremontHon. Charles George Cornwallis Eliot
16 February 1874James BonteinNathaniel George PhilipsEdward Stopford ClaremontHon. Charles George Cornwallis Eliot
24 October 1884Arnold RoyleNathaniel George PhilipsEdward Stopford ClaremontHon. Charles George Cornwallis Eliot
25 July 1890Arnold RoyleNathaniel George PhilipsMalcolm Drummond, of MegginchHon. Charles George Cornwallis Eliot
1 October 1893Arnold RoyleNathaniel George PhilipsHon. Otway Frederick Seymour CuffeHon. Charles George Cornwallis Eliot
14 November 1899Arnold RoyleNathaniel George PhilipsHon. Otway Frederick Seymour CuffeSir Francis Knollys

List of Grooms of the Bedchamber

Charles II
Date of appointment
1 Feb 1661John AshburnhamDaniel O'NeillHenry Seymour---------
2 Feb 1661John AshburnhamDaniel O'NeillHenry SeymourThomas ElliotThomas KilligrewRichard LaneRobert PhillipsSilius TitusDavid Walter---
3 Feb 1661John AshburnhamDaniel O'NeillHenry SeymourThomas ElliotThomas KilligrewRichard LaneRobert PhillipsSilius TitusDavid WalterEdward Proger--
6 Feb 1661John AshburnhamDaniel O'NeillHenry SeymourThomas ElliotThomas KilligrewRichard LaneRobert PhillipsSilius TitusDavid WalterEdward ProgerWilliam Legge-
1 Jan 1662John AshburnhamDaniel O'NeillHenry SeymourThomas ElliotThomas KilligrewRichard LaneRobert PhillipsSilius TitusDavid WalterEdward ProgerWilliam LeggeHon. Henry Coventry
28 Oct 1664John AshburnhamJames HamiltonHenry SeymourThomas ElliotThomas KilligrewRichard LaneRobert PhillipsSilius TitusDavid WalterEdward ProgerWilliam LeggeHon. Henry Coventry
1 Oct 1670John AshburnhamJames HamiltonHenry SeymourThomas ElliotThomas KilligrewRichard LaneRobert PhillipsSilius TitusDavid WalterEdward ProgerSidney GodolphinHon. Henry Coventry
16 Jun 1671Thomas FeltonJames HamiltonHenry SeymourThomas ElliotThomas KilligrewRichard LaneRobert PhillipsSilius TitusDavid WalterEdward ProgerSidney GodolphinHon. Henry Coventry
21 Jun 1672Thomas FeltonJames HamiltonHenry SeymourThomas ElliotThomas KilligrewRichard LaneRobert PhillipsSilius TitusDavid WalterEdward ProgerSidney GodolphinBernard Granville
7 Jun 1673Thomas FeltonHenry SavileHenry SeymourThomas ElliotThomas KilligrewRichard LaneRobert PhillipsSilius TitusDavid WalterEdward ProgerSidney GodolphinBernard Granville
8 Jul 1675Thomas FeltonHenry SavileHenry SeymourThomas ElliotThomas KilligrewRichard LaneRobert PhillipsHenry GuyDavid WalterEdward ProgerSidney GodolphinBernard Granville
Aug 1677Thomas FeltonHenry SavileHenry SeymourGeorge PorterThomas KilligrewRichard LaneRobert PhillipsHenry GuyDavid WalterEdward ProgerSidney GodolphinBernard Granville
18 Jul 1678Thomas FeltonHenry SavileHenry SeymourGeorge PorterThomas KilligrewRichard LaneRobert PhillipsHenry GuyDavid WalterEdward ProgerGeorge Rodney BridgesBernard Granville
Apr 1679Thomas FeltonHenry SavileHenry SeymourGeorge PorterThomas KilligrewRichard LaneRobert PhillipsHenry GuyThomas WyndhamEdward ProgerGeorge Rodney BridgesBernard Granville
16 May 1679Thomas LeeHenry SavileHenry SeymourGeorge PorterThomas KilligrewRichard LaneRobert PhillipsHenry GuyThomas WyndhamEdward ProgerGeorge Rodney BridgesBernard Granville
26 Nov 1679Thomas LeeHenry SavileHenry SeymourGeorge PorterThomas KilligrewRichard LaneRobert PhillipsThomas NealeThomas WyndhamEdward ProgerGeorge Rodney BridgesBernard Granville
Mar 1683Thomas LeeHenry SavileHenry SeymourGeorge PorterBevil SkeltonRichard LaneRobert PhillipsThomas NealeThomas WyndhamEdward ProgerGeorge Rodney BridgesBernard Granville
15 May 1683Thomas LeeFrancis GwynHenry SeymourGeorge PorterBevil SkeltonRichard LaneRobert PhillipsThomas NealeThomas WyndhamEdward ProgerGeorge Rodney BridgesBernard Granville
19 Dec 1683Thomas LeeFrancis GwynHenry SeymourHenry KilligrewBevil SkeltonRichard LaneRobert PhillipsThomas NealeThomas WyndhamEdward ProgerGeorge Rodney BridgesBernard Granville

James II
Date of appointment
2 May 1685James FortreyOliver NicholasHenry SlingsbyHon. Heneage FinchRichard LevesonHon. James GriffinFrancis RussellDavid Lloyd
1686James FortreyOliver NicholasHenry SlingsbyHon. Heneage FinchRichard LevesonHon. James GriffinJames PorterDavid Lloyd
9 Mar 1687James FortreyOliver NicholasHenry SlingsbyHon. Heneage FinchRichard LevesonHon. James GriffinRichard BagotDavid Lloyd

William III
Date of appointment
6 Jun 1689Percy KirkeHatton ComptonCharles TrelawnyEmanuel Scrope HoweJohn SayersAdrian van BorselenHon. James Stanley--
Mar 1690Percy KirkeHatton ComptonCharles TrelawnyEmanuel Scrope HoweJohn SayersAdrian van BorselenHon. James StanleyArnold Joost van Keppel-
29 Apr 1691Percy KirkeHatton ComptonCharles TrelawnyEmanuel Scrope HoweJohn SayersAdrian van BorselenHon. James StanleyArnold Joost van KeppelHon. Thomas Windsor
Jan 1692Hon. George CholmondeleyHatton ComptonEmanuel Scrope HoweJohn SayersAdrian van BorselenHon. James StanleyArnold Joost van KeppelHon. Thomas Windsor
6 May 1695Hon. George CholmondeleyHatton ComptonEmanuel Scrope HoweJohn SayersAdrian van BorselenHon. James StanleyThomas WentworthHon. Thomas Windsor

Anne
No Grooms of the Bedchamber appointed
George I
Date of appointment
20 Sep 1714Hon. William KerrJames Tyrrell---------
16 Oct 1714Hon. William KerrJames TyrrellJames DormerHon. Charles HowardWilliam BretonGeorge Feilding-----
21 Oct 1714Hon. William KerrJames TyrrellJames DormerHon. Charles HowardWilliam BretonGeorge FeildingHenry CornewallPhilip Honywood---
15 Jun 1715Hon. William KerrJames TyrrellJames DormerHon. Charles HowardSir Gustavus HumeGeorge FeildingHenry CornewallPhilip Honywood---
13 May 1719Hon. William KerrJames TyrrellJames DormerHon. Charles HowardSir Gustavus HumeGeorge FeildingHenry CornewallPhilip HonywoodHon. William Finch--
11 Jun 1720Hon. William KerrJames TyrrellJames DormerHon. Charles HowardSir Gustavus HumeGeorge FeildingHenry CornewallPhilip HonywoodHon. William FinchSir Wilfrid Lawson-
10 Aug 1721Hon. William KerrJames TyrrellJames DormerHon. Charles HowardSir Gustavus HumeGeorge FeildingHenry CornewallPhilip HonywoodHon. William FinchSir Wilfrid LawsonHon. Charles Cornwallis
24 Jun 1722Hon. William KerrJames TyrrellJames DormerHon. Charles HowardSir Gustavus HumeGeorge FeildingHenry CornewallPhilip HonywoodHon. William FinchSir Wilfrid Lawson
25 May 1723Hon. William KerrJames TyrrellJames DormerHon. Charles HowardSir Gustavus HumeGeorge FeildingHenry CornewallPhilip HonywoodHon. William FinchHon. Robert Sawyer Herbert

George II
Date of appointment
21 Aug 1727Sir Robert Rich--------
14 Sep 1727Sir Robert RichThomas PagetHon. Charles LumleyJohn SelwynCharles ChurchillHon. Charles CathcartJohn CampbellHon. Sir James CampbellSir Charles Hotham
7 May 1731Sir Robert RichThomas PagetJohn ClaveringCharles ChurchillHon. Charles CathcartJohn CampbellHon. Sir James CampbellSir Charles Hotham
7 May 1733Sir Robert RichThomas PagetJohn ClaveringCharles ChurchillHon. James BrudenellJohn CampbellHon. Sir James CampbellSir Charles Hotham
22 Apr 1740Sir Robert RichThomas PagetHon. William HerbertJohn ClaveringCharles ChurchillHon. James BrudenellJohn CampbellHon. Sir James Campbell-
14 Jul 1742Sir Robert RichHon. Edward FinchHon. William HerbertJohn ClaveringCharles ChurchillHon. James BrudenellJohn CampbellHon. Sir James Campbell-
20 Jan 1746Sir Robert RichHon. Edward FinchHon. William HerbertJohn ClaveringJohn MostynHon. James BrudenellJohn Campbell--
22 Jan 1747Sir Robert RichHon. Edward FinchHon. William HerbertJohn ClaveringJohn MostynHon. Edward CornwallisJohn CampbellHon. John Waldegrave, 3rd Earl Waldegrave-
5 Apr 1757Sir Robert RichHon. Edward FinchHon. Henry Seymour ConwayJohn ClaveringJohn MostynHon. Edward CornwallisJohn CampbellHon. John Waldegrave, 3rd Earl Waldegrave-
4 Jun 1757Sir Robert RichJohn OffleyHon. Henry Seymour ConwayJohn ClaveringJohn MostynHon. Edward CornwallisJohn CampbellHon. John Waldegrave, 3rd Earl Waldegrave-
16 Jan 1760Charles FitzRoyJohn OffleyHon. Henry Seymour ConwayJohn ClaveringJohn MostynHon. Edward CornwallisJohn CampbellHon. John Waldegrave, 3rd Earl Waldegrave-
19 Jan 1760Charles FitzRoyJohn OffleyHon. Henry Seymour ConwayJohn ClaveringJohn MostynHon. Edward CornwallisJohn CampbellHon. John Waldegrave, 3rd Earl WaldegraveHon. Richard Savage Nassau

George III
Date of appointment
27 Nov 1760John MostynHon. John WaldegraveJohn OffleyCharles FitzRoyGeorge SchutzSir James PeacheyEdmund NugentSir William BretonHon. Edward CornwallisHon. Henry Seymour Conway-----
10 Dec 1760John MostynHon. John WaldegraveJohn OffleyCharles FitzRoyGeorge SchutzSir James PeacheyEdmund NugentSir William BretonHon. Edward CornwallisHon. Henry Seymour ConwaySpencer Compton----
11 Dec 1760John MostynHon. John WaldegraveJohn OffleyCharles FitzRoyGeorge SchutzSir James PeacheyEdmund NugentSir William BretonHon. Edward CornwallisHon. Henry Seymour ConwaySpencer ComptonGeorge PittNorborne BerkeleyWilliam Northey-
17 Feb 1761John MostynHon. John WaldegraveJohn OffleyCharles FitzRoyGeorge SchutzSir James PeacheyEdmund NugentSir William BretonHon. Edward CornwallisHon. Henry Seymour ConwaySpencer ComptonGeorge PittNorborne BerkeleyWilliam NortheyHon. Augustus Keppel
10 Oct 1762John MostynHon. John Waldegrave--Sir James PeacheyEdmund NugentSir William BretonHon. Edward CornwallisHon. Henry Seymour ConwaySpencer ComptonGeorge PittNorborne BerkeleyWilliam NortheyHon. Augustus Keppel
21 Dec 1762John MostynHon. John WaldegraveSir James Wright--Sir James PeacheyEdmund NugentSir William BretonHon. Edward CornwallisHon. Henry Seymour ConwaySpencer ComptonGeorge PittNorborne BerkeleyWilliam NortheyHon. Augustus Keppel
19 Jan 1763John MostynHon. John WaldegraveSir James WrightSir John Mordaunt-Sir James PeacheyEdmund NugentSir William BretonHon. Edward CornwallisHon. Henry Seymour ConwaySpencer ComptonGeorge PittNorborne BerkeleyWilliam NortheyHon. Augustus Keppel
16 Feb 1763John MostynHon. John WaldegraveSir James WrightSir John MordauntHenry SeymourSir James PeacheyEdmund NugentSir William BretonHon. Edward CornwallisHon. Henry Seymour ConwaySpencer ComptonGeorge PittNorborne BerkeleyWilliam NortheyHon. Augustus Keppel
5 May 1763John MostynSir Charles Hotham-ThompsonSir James WrightSir John MordauntHenry SeymourSir James PeacheyEdmund NugentSir William BretonHon. Edward CornwallisHon. Henry Seymour ConwaySpencer ComptonGeorge PittNorborne BerkeleyWilliam NortheyHon. Augustus Keppel
5 Nov 1763John MostynSir Charles Hotham-ThompsonSir James WrightSir John MordauntHenry SeymourSir James PeacheyEdmund NugentSir William BretonHon. Edward CornwallisHon. Henry Seymour ConwayHon. Augustus John HerveyGeorge PittNorborne BerkeleyWilliam NortheyHon. Augustus Keppel
April 1764John MostynSir Charles Hotham-ThompsonSir James WrightSir John MordauntHenry SeymourSir James PeacheyEdmund NugentSir William BretonHon. Augustus John HerveyGeorge Pitt*William NortheyHon. Augustus Keppel
24 Aug 1765John MostynSir Charles Hotham-ThompsonSir James WrightSir John MordauntHon. Henry WallopSir James PeacheyEdmund NugentSir William BretonHon. Augustus John HerveyGeorge Pitt*William NortheyHon. Augustus Keppel
3 Dec 1766John MostynSir Charles Hotham-ThompsonSir James WrightSir John MordauntHon. Henry WallopSir James PeacheyEdmund NugentSir William BretonHon. Augustus John HerveyGeorge Pitt*William NortheyHon. William Harcourt
23 Apr 1770John MostynSir Charles Hotham-ThompsonSir James WrightSir John MordauntHon. Henry WallopSir James PeacheyEdmund NugentSir William BretonHon. Augustus John HerveyGeorge Pitt*Hon. Henry VernonHon. William Harcourt
16 May 1770John MostynSir Charles Hotham-ThompsonSir James WrightSir John MordauntHon. Henry WallopSir James PeacheyEdmund NugentSir William BretonHon. Augustus John HerveySir George Osborn*Hon. Henry VernonHon. William Harcourt
10 May 1771John MostynSir Charles Hotham-ThompsonSir James WrightSir John MordauntHon. Henry WallopSir James PeacheyThomas de GreySir William Breton-Hon. Augustus John HerveySir George Osborn*Hon. Henry VernonHon. William Harcourt
17 May 1771John MostynSir Charles Hotham-ThompsonSir James WrightSir John MordauntHon. Henry WallopSir James PeacheyThomas de GreySir William BretonHon. Henry St JohnHon. Augustus John HerveySir George Osborn*Hon. Henry VernonHon. William Harcourt
3 Dec 1771John MostynSir Charles Hotham-ThompsonSir James WrightSir John MordauntPhilip HalesSir James PeacheyThomas de GreySir William BretonHon. Henry St JohnHon. Augustus John HerveySir George Osborn*Hon. Henry VernonHon. William Harcourt
8 Feb 1773John MostynSir Charles Hotham-ThompsonSir James WrightSir John MordauntPhilip HalesSir James PeacheyThomas de Grey*Hon. Henry St JohnHon. Augustus John HerveySir George Osborn*Hon. Henry VernonHon. William Harcourt
28 Mar 1775John MostynSir Charles Hotham-ThompsonSir James WrightSir John MordauntPhilip HalesSir James PeacheyThomas de Grey*Hon. Henry St JohnHon. William GordonSir George Osborn*Hon. Henry VernonHon. William Harcourt
18 Jun 1777John MostynSir Charles Hotham-ThompsonSir James WrightSir John MordauntPhilip HalesSir James PeacheyCharles Herbert*Hon. Henry St JohnHon. William GordonSir George Osborn*Hon. Henry VernonHon. William Harcourt
22 Feb 1779Francis LascellesSir Charles Hotham-ThompsonSir James WrightSir John MordauntPhilip HalesSir James PeacheyCharles Herbert*Hon. Henry St John-Hon. William GordonSir George Osborn*Hon. Henry VernonHon. William Harcourt
17 Jan 1783Francis LascellesSir Charles Hotham-ThompsonSir James WrightSir John MordauntPhilip HalesSir James PeacheyCharles Herbert*Hon. Henry St JohnHon. George VilliersHon. William GordonSir George Osborn*Hon. Henry VernonHon. William Harcourt
19 Aug 1784Francis LascellesSir Charles Hotham-ThompsonSir James WrightSir John MordauntPhilip HalesSir James PeacheyCharles Herbert*Robert WallerHon. George VilliersHon. William GordonSir George Osborn*Hon. Henry VernonHon. William Harcourt
20 Jan 1788Francis LascellesJames Whorwood AdeaneSir James WrightSir John MordauntPhilip HalesSir James PeacheyCharles Herbert*Robert WallerHon. George VilliersHon. William GordonSir George Osborn*Hon. Henry VernonHon. William Harcourt
3 Jun 1791Francis LascellesJames Whorwood AdeaneSir James WrightSir John MordauntPhilip HalesHon. Robert DigbyCharles Herbert*Robert WallerHon. George VilliersHon. William GordonSir George Osborn*Hon. Henry VernonHon. William Harcourt
26 Jan 1793Francis LascellesJames Whorwood AdeaneSir James WrightHon. Thomas FanePhilip HalesHon. Robert DigbyCharles Herbert*Robert WallerHon. George VilliersHon. William GordonSir George Osborn*Hon. Henry VernonHon. William Harcourt
29 Mar 1800Hon. Robert Fulke GrevilleJames Whorwood AdeaneSir James WrightHon. Thomas FanePhilip HalesHon. Robert DigbyCharles Herbert*Robert WallerHon. George VilliersHon. William GordonSir George Osborn*Hon. Henry VernonHon. William Harcourt
30 May 1801Hon. Robert Fulke GrevilleJames Whorwood AdeaneHon. Arthur Kaye LeggeHon. Thomas FanePhilip HalesHon. Robert DigbyCharles Herbert*Sir Harry Burrard-NealeHon. George VilliersHon. William GordonSir George Osborn*Hon. Henry VernonHon. William Harcourt
27 Apr 1802Hon. Robert Fulke GrevilleHon. Edward FinchHon. Arthur Kaye LeggeHon. Thomas FanePhilip HalesHon. Robert DigbyCharles Herbert*Sir Harry Burrard-NealeHon. George VilliersHon. William GordonSir George Osborn*Hon. Henry VernonHon. William Harcourt
24 May 1804Hon. Robert Fulke GrevilleHon. Edward FinchHon. Arthur Kaye LeggeHon. Thomas FanePhilip HalesHon. Robert DigbyCharles Herbert*Sir Harry Burrard-NealeHon. George VilliersHon. William GordonSir George Osborn*Hon. Henry VernonHon. William Harcourt
15 Apr 1807Hon. Robert Fulke GrevilleHon. Edward FinchHon. Arthur Kaye Legge*Philip HalesHon. Robert DigbyCharles Herbert*Sir Harry Burrard-NealeHon. George VilliersHon. William GordonSir George Osborn*Hon. Henry VernonHon. William Harcourt
31 Oct 1808Hon. Robert Fulke GrevilleHon. Edward FinchHon. Arthur Kaye Legge*Philip HalesHon. Edward CapelCharles Herbert*Sir Harry Burrard-NealeHon. George VilliersHon. William GordonSir George Osborn*Hon. Henry VernonHon. William Harcourt
1 Nov 1808Hon. Robert Fulke GrevilleHon. Edward FinchHon. Arthur Kaye Legge*Philip HalesHon. Edward CapelCharles Herbert*Sir Harry Burrard-NealeHon. George VilliersHon. William GordonSir George Osborn*Hon. Henry VernonEdward Pery Buckley
4 Mar 1809Hon. Robert Fulke GrevilleHon. Edward FinchHon. Arthur Kaye Legge*Philip HalesHon. Edward CapelCharles Herbert*Sir Harry Burrard-NealeHon. George VilliersHon. William GordonSir George Osborn*Hon. Henry VernonHenry Frederick Campbell
2 June 1809Hon. Robert Fulke GrevilleHon. Edward FinchHon. Arthur Kaye Legge*Philip HalesHon. Edward CapelCharles Herbert*Sir Harry Burrard-NealeHon. George VilliersHon. William GordonSir George Osborn*Hon. Frederick WestHenry Frederick Campbell
18 Feb 1812Hon. Robert Fulke GrevilleHon. Edward Finch-*Philip Hales-Charles Herbert*-Hon. George VilliersHon. William GordonSir George Osborn*Hon. Frederick West-
10 Mar 1812Hon. William KeppelHon. Edward FinchGen. Thomas Slaughter Stanwix*Gen. Edmund StevensWilson BraddyllCharles Herbert*Hon. William LumleyCharles Nassau ThomasHon. Henry Fitzroy StanhopeGen. Charles Leigh*--
10 Apr 1812Hon. William KeppelHon. Edward FinchGen. Thomas Slaughter StanwixSir John Francis CradockGen. Edmund StevensWilson BraddyllCharles Herbert-Hon. William LumleyCharles Nassau ThomasHon. Henry Fitzroy StanhopeGen. Charles Leigh---
28 Jul 1812Hon. William KeppelHon. Edward FinchGen. Thomas Slaughter StanwixSir John Francis CradockGen. Edmund StevensWilson BraddyllCharles HerbertHon. Augustus Cavendish-BradshawHon. William LumleyCharles Nassau ThomasHon. Henry Fitzroy StanhopeGen. Charles LeighHon. Charles William StewartTomkyns Hilgrove Turner-
6 Jun 1816Hon. William KeppelHon. Edward FinchHon. Sir Edward PagetSir John Francis CradockGen. Edmund StevensWilson BraddyllCharles HerbertHon. Augustus Cavendish-BradshawHon. William LumleyCharles Nassau ThomasHon. Henry Fitzroy Stanhope--Tomkyns Hilgrove Turner-
6 Sep 1816Hon. William KeppelHon. Edward FinchHon. Sir Edward PagetSir John Francis CradockGen. Edmund StevensWilson BraddyllSir George CampbellHon. Augustus Cavendish-BradshawHon. William LumleyCharles Nassau ThomasHon. Henry Fitzroy Stanhope--Tomkyns Hilgrove Turner-
5 Jan 1817Hon. William KeppelHon. Edward FinchHon. Sir Edward PagetSir John Francis CradockGen. Edmund StevensWilson BraddyllSir George CampbellHon. Augustus Cavendish-BradshawHon. William LumleyCharles Nassau ThomasHon. Henry Fitzroy StanhopeHon. Henry King-Tomkyns Hilgrove Turner-
21 Nov 1818Hon. William KeppelHon. Edward FinchHon. Sir Edward PagetSir John Francis CradockGen. Edmund StevensJoseph WhatleySir George CampbellHon. Augustus Cavendish-BradshawHon. William LumleyCharles Nassau ThomasHon. Henry Fitzroy StanhopeHon. Henry King-Tomkyns Hilgrove Turner-
19 Oct 1819Hon. William KeppelHon. Edward FinchHon. Sir Edward PagetSir Edmund NagleGen. Edmund StevensJoseph WhatleySir George CampbellHon. Augustus Cavendish-BradshawHon. William LumleyCharles Nassau ThomasHon. Henry Fitzroy StanhopeHon. Henry King-Tomkyns Hilgrove Turner-

George IV
Date of appointment
Jan 1820Hon. Edward FinchHon. William KeppelEdmund StevensHon. William LumleyCharles Nassau ThomasHon. Henry Fitzroy StanhopeHon. Augustus Cavendish-BradshawTomkyns Hilgrove TurnerHon. Sir Edward PagetSir George CampbellHon. Henry KingJoseph WhatleySir Edmund Nagle
4 Apr 1820Hon. Edward FinchHon. William KeppelEdmund StevensHon. William LumleyLord Francis Nathaniel ConynghamHon. Henry Fitzroy StanhopeHon. Augustus Cavendish-BradshawTomkyns Hilgrove TurnerHon. Sir Edward PagetSir George CampbellHon. Henry KingJoseph WhatleySir Edmund Nagle
24 Jan 1821Hon. Edward FinchHon. William KeppelEdmund StevensHon. William LumleyLord Francis Nathaniel ConynghamHon. Henry Fitzroy StanhopeHon. Augustus Cavendish-BradshawTomkyns Hilgrove TurnerHon. Sir Edward PagetSir Andrew Francis BarnardHon. Henry KingJoseph WhatleySir Edmund Nagle
11 Oct 1821Hon. Edward FinchHon. William KeppelEdmund StevensHon. William LumleyLord Francis Nathaniel ConynghamHon. Henry Fitzroy StanhopeHon. Augustus Cavendish-BradshawTomkyns Hilgrove TurnerHon. Sir Charles PagetSir Andrew Francis BarnardHon. Henry KingJoseph WhatleySir Edmund Nagle
7 Sep 1825Hon. Edward FinchHon. William KeppelSir William HoustonHon. William LumleyLord Francis Nathaniel ConynghamHon. Henry Fitzroy StanhopeHon. Augustus Cavendish-BradshawTomkyns Hilgrove TurnerHon. Sir Charles PagetSir Andrew Francis BarnardHon. Henry KingJoseph WhatleySir Edmund Nagle
27 May 1828Hon. Edward FinchHon. William KeppelSir William HoustonHon. William LumleyLord Francis Nathaniel ConynghamHon. Henry Fitzroy StanhopeHon. Augustus Cavendish-BradshawTomkyns Hilgrove TurnerHon. Sir Charles PagetThomas ArmstrongHon. Henry KingJoseph WhatleySir Edmund Nagle
24 Sep 1828Hon. Edward FinchHon. William KeppelSir William HoustonHon. William LumleyLord Francis Nathaniel ConynghamHon. John Robert TownshendHon. Augustus Cavendish-BradshawTomkyns Hilgrove TurnerHon. Sir Charles PagetThomas ArmstrongHon. Henry KingJoseph WhatleySir Edmund Nagle
14 Feb 1830Hon. Edward FinchHon. William KeppelSir William HoustonHon. William LumleyLord Francis Nathaniel ConynghamHon. John Robert TownshendHon. Augustus Cavendish-BradshawTomkyns Hilgrove TurnerHon. Sir Charles PagetThomas ArmstrongHon. George Cecil Weld-ForesterJoseph WhatleySir Edmund Nagle
15 Mar 1830Hon. Edward FinchHon. William KeppelSir William HoustonHon. William LumleyLord Francis Nathaniel ConynghamHon. John Robert TownshendHon. Augustus Cavendish-BradshawTomkyns Hilgrove TurnerHon. Sir Charles PagetThomas ArmstrongHon. George Cecil Weld-ForesterJoseph WhatleyHenry Thomas Hope

William IV
Victoria
No Grooms of the Bedchamber appointed
Edward VII
The term "Groom-in-Waiting" was employed
George V
Date appointed
10 Jun 1910Captain Walter Douglas Somerset CampbellCaptain the Hon. Seymour John FortescueCommander Charles Elphinstone Fleeming Cunninghame GrahamThe Hon. Sidney Robert GrevilleColonel the Hon. William LambtonThe Hon. Henry Julian StonorEdward William Wallington Esq.
-Captain Walter Douglas Somerset CampbellCaptain the Hon. Seymour John FortescueCommander Charles Elphinstone Fleeming Cunninghame GrahamThe Hon. Sidney Robert GrevilleColonel the Hon. William LambtonThe Hon. Henry Julian StonorEdward William Wallington Esq.
-Captain Walter Douglas Somerset CampbellCaptain the Hon. Seymour John FortescueCommander Charles Elphinstone Fleeming Cunninghame GrahamThe Hon. Sidney Robert GrevilleColonel the Hon. William LambtonThe Hon. Henry Julian StonorEdward William Wallington Esq.
-Captain Walter Douglas Somerset CampbellCaptain the Hon. Seymour John FortescueCommander Charles Elphinstone Fleeming Cunninghame GrahamThe Hon. Sidney Robert GrevilleColonel the Hon. William LambtonThe Hon. Henry Julian StonorEdward William Wallington Esq.
-Captain Walter Douglas Somerset CampbellCaptain the Hon. Seymour John FortescueCommander Charles Elphinstone Fleeming Cunninghame GrahamThe Hon. Sidney Robert GrevilleColonel the Hon. William LambtonThe Hon. Henry Julian StonorEdward William Wallington Esq.
-Captain Walter Douglas Somerset CampbellCaptain the Hon. Seymour John FortescueCommander Charles Elphinstone Fleeming Cunninghame GrahamThe Hon. Sidney Robert GrevilleColonel the Hon. William LambtonThe Hon. Henry Julian StonorEdward William Wallington Esq.
-Captain Walter Douglas Somerset CampbellCaptain the Hon. Seymour John FortescueCommander Charles Elphinstone Fleeming Cunninghame GrahamThe Hon. Sidney Robert GrevilleColonel the Hon. William LambtonThe Hon. Henry Julian StonorEdward William Wallington Esq.
-Captain Walter Douglas Somerset CampbellCaptain the Hon. Seymour John FortescueCommander Charles Elphinstone Fleeming Cunninghame GrahamThe Hon. Sidney Robert GrevilleColonel the Hon. William LambtonThe Hon. Henry Julian StonorEdward William Wallington Esq.
-Captain Walter Douglas Somerset CampbellCaptain the Hon. Seymour John FortescueCommander Charles Elphinstone Fleeming Cunninghame GrahamThe Hon. Sidney Robert GrevilleColonel the Hon. William LambtonThe Hon. Henry Julian StonorEdward William Wallington Esq.

The above-mentioned were gazetted as "Grooms of the Bedchamber in Waiting"; subsequently, the term "Groom in Waiting in Ordinary" was used.
Edward VIII
The term "Groom-in-Waiting" was employed
George VI
The term "Groom-in-Waiting" was employed
Elizabeth
No Grooms of the Bedchamber appointed

In France

The French portrait painter Jean Clouet was appointed a valet de chambre groom of the chamber of the French monarchy in 1523, as was his son François Clouet later. The office could serve as a sinecure to provide a minimum income and social place for someone who enjoyed royal favor.
Many noble households in Europe had their own grooms of the chamber, known by various titles. See Valet de chambre for a fuller account.