Group 14 hydride
Group 14 hydrides are chemical compounds composed of hydrogen atoms and group 14 atoms.
Tetrahydrides
The tetrahydride series has the chemical formula XH4, with X representing any of the carbon family. Methane is commonly the result of the decomposition of organic matter and is a greenhouse gas. The other hydrides are generally unstable, poisonous metal hydrides.They take on a pyramidal structure, and as such are not polar molecules like the other p-block hydrides.
Unlike other light hydrides such as ammonia, water and hydrogen fluoride, methane does not exhibit any anomalous effects attributed to hydrogen bonding, and so its properties conform well to the prevailing trend of heavier group 14 hydrides.
| Compound | Chemical formula | Bond length | Space-filling model |
| carbon tetrahydride hydrogen carbide methane | CH4 | ||
| silicon tetrahydride hydrogen silicide | SiH4 | ||
| germanium tetrahydride hydrogen germanide | GeH4 | ||
| tin tetrahydride hydrogen stannide | SnH4 | ||
| lead tetrahydride hydrogen plumbide | PbH4 |
Hexahydrides
This series has the chemical formula X2H6. Ethane is commonly found alongside methane in natural gas. The other hydrides are even less stable than the tetrahydrides.| Compound | Chemical formula | Bond length | model |
| dicarbon hexahydride ethane | C2H6 | ||
| disilicon hexahydride | Si2H6 | ||
| digermanium hexahydride | Ge2H6 | ||
| ditin hexahydride | Sn2H6 |
Higher group 14 hydrides
All straight-chain saturated group 14 hydrides follow the formula XnH2n+2, the same formula for the alkanes., a Platonic hydrocarbon and prismane
Many other group 14 hydrides are known. Carbon forms a huge variety of hydrocarbons, whose study forms the core of organic chemistry.
Alongside hydrogen, carbon can form compounds with the chemically similar halogens, forming haloalkanes. The simplest of this series, the halomethanes, contain compounds such as dichloromethane and iodoform. Other such important chemicals include vinyl chloride, which is used in the production of PVC.
The other group 14 elements have a lower tendency to catenate. Silanes SinH2n+2 are known for n = 1–8. The first five germanes GenH2n+2 are known and are fairly similar to the silanes. Stannane, a strong reducing agent slowly decomposes at room temperature to tin and hydrogen gas, and is decomposed by concentrated aqueous acids or alkalis; distannane, Sn2H6 is still more unstable, and longer stannanes are unknown. Plumbane is very poorly characterised and is only known in trace amounts: even at low temperatures, synthesis methods that yield the other MH4 compounds fail to give PbH4. No other plumbanes are known.
Compounds containing hydrogen and multiple group 14 elements are known, one of the most famous of these being tetraethyllead.