Gujarati cuisine
Gujarati cuisine is that of the state of Gujarat, in western India.
The typical Gujarati thali consists of rotli, dal or kadhi, rice, and shaak. The thali will also include preparations made from pulses or whole beans such as mung, black eyed beans etc., a snack item like dhokla, pathra, samosa etc. and a sweet like mohanthal, jalebi, doodh pak etc. Gujarati cuisine varies widely in flavour and heat, depending on a family's tastes as well as the region of Gujarat to which they belong. North Gujarat, Kathiawad, Kachchh, Central Gujarat and South Gujarat are the five major regions of Gujarat that contribute their unique touch to Gujarati cuisine. Many Gujarati dishes |url=https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUX1SdR-wva6InPDCaj-cSQ?| are distinctively sweet, salty, and spicy simultaneously.
Despite having an extensive coastline providing wholesome seafood, Gujarat is primarily a vegetarian state due to the influence of Jain vegetarianism. Many communities, however, do include seafood, chicken and mutton in their diet.
Staple foods
Staples include homemade khichdi, and chaas and pickles as side. Main dishes are based on steamed cooked vegetables with different spices and dals that are added to a vaghar, which is a mixture of spices heated in oil that varies depending on the main ingredients. Salt, sugar, lemon, lime, and tomatoes are used frequently to prevent dehydration in an area where temperatures reach 50 °C in the shade. It is common to add a little sugar or jaggery to some of the vegetable dishes and dal, which enhances the slightly bland taste of the vegetables.The cuisine changes with the seasonal availability of vegetables. In summer, when mangoes are ripe and widely available in the market, for example, Keri no Ras is often an integral part of the meal. The spices used also change depending on the season. Garam masala and its constituent spices are used less in summer. Regular fasting, with diets limited to milk, dried fruits, and nuts, is commonplace.
In modern times, some Gujaratis have become increasingly fond of very spicy and fried dishes. There are many chefs who have come up with fusions of Western and Gujarati food. Gujaratis are predominantly vegetarians, even though pockets of the state consume chicken, eggs and fish.
Flat bread prepared with Bajra has nutritional value similar to other foods based on flours. Common meals in villages near Saurashtra during the cold winters consists of thick rotis, termed bhakri, made of wheat flour, garlic chutney, onion, and chaas.
Sweets served as part of a thali are typically made from milk, sugar, and nuts. "Dry" sweets such as magas and ghooghra are typically made around celebrations, such as weddings, or at Diwali.
Gujarati cuisine is also distinctive in its wide variety of farsan — side dishes that complement the main meal and are served alongside it. Some farsan are eaten as snacks or light meals by themselves.
Gujaratis will often refer to dal-bhat-rotli-saak as their everyday meal. For special occasions, this basic quartet is supplemented with additional shaak, sweet dishes, and farsan. A festive Gujarati thali often contain over a dozen items. Dietary rules restrict the permissible combination of dishes. For example, if kadhi is to be served, then a lentil preparation such as chutti dal, vaal, or mug ni dal will also be included. The sweet dish accompanying kadhi will likely be milk or yogurt–based, like doodhpak or shrikhand. However, a yogurt-based raita would not be served with such a meal. Festive meals based on dal will typically have a wheat-based sweet dish like lapsi or ladoo as the sweet accompaniment. Many Gujarati families make and consume moong dal in their diet on Wednesdays. There are established combinations of spices that some believe to facilitate digestion, that are eaten with different foods.
In coastal Gujarat, the Kharwa community has developed a cuisine consisting of fresh and dried fish. Common seafood are pomfrets, khandwas, gedadas, surmai, prawns, crabs, lobster. and narsinga.
Gujarati thali is sometimes seen as being "no-frills" even though it can be elaborate. India's current prime minister, Narendra Modi has often arranged Gujarati food for his special overseas guests like Shinzo Abe or Portuguese Prime Minister Antonio Costa Modi himself has been said to prefer Khichdi. even when visiting overseas, something that opposing politicians sometimes mocked.
Distinct Features
Gujarati cuisine varies in flavour and other aspects from region to region. One can notice that food from Surat, Kutch, Kathiawad and North Gujarat are the most distinct ones. Tastes also differ according to family preferences. Most popular Gujarati dishes have a sweet taste, as traditionally, sugar or jaggery is added to most Gujarati food items, like vegetables and dal. Additionally, Gujarati food is cooked in unique ways, with some dishes being stir-fried while others are steam cooked, with vegetables and spices or dal being boiled and later vaghar/chaunk being added to it to enhance the flavour.
List of Gujarati Vegetarian dishes
Breads
- Rotla : Thick millet flour flatbread usually grilled over coals in clay pan.
- Makai no rotlo: Thick corn flour flatbread usually grilled over coals in clay pan.
- Bhakri: Made with whole wheat flour, thicker than Rotli.
- Phulka rotli : Made with whole wheat flour, rolled thin.
- Juvar no rotlo: Thick sorghum flatbread.
- Parotha: Shallow fried whole wheat flatbread.
- Puri: Made with whole wheat flour, deep fried.
- Thepla/dhebra : Made with a mixture of flours, pan fried, mildly spiced, usually contains shredded vegetables.
- Poodla : Made with a mixture of flours, pan fried.
- Rajgira ni puri''
Rice
- Biranj: Steamed rice flavoured with saffron, sugar, and dried fruit.
- Khatta-mittha bhaat : Rice, boiled with potatoes and spices, yellow in colour and accompanied with lemon peel.
- Doodhpak: Rice pudding made by boiling rice with milk and sugar, and flavoured with cardamom, raisins, saffron, cashews, pistachios, or almonds. It is typically served as a dessert.
- Khichdi : Cooked like porridge accompanied with ghee, dahi, and pickle.
- Pulao
- Khichu: Kneaded rice flour made by heating it with water, salt, green chillies, and cumin.
- Sabudana Khichadi
- Fada ni khichdi
Vegetables (''Shaak'')
- Bateta nu shaak
- Bateta sukhi bhaji
- Bateta Kanda nu shaak
- Bateta Ringan nu shaak
- Bateta Guvar nu shaak
- Bateta Chawli nu Shaak
- Lasaniya Bateta
- Bharela Ringan
- Bharela bhinda
- Bharela karela
- Bhinda nu shaak
- Bhinda Bateka nu shaak
- Vatana bataka nu shaak
- Cholaa nu shaak
- Chawli Ringan Bateka nu Shaak
- Dhana capsicum nu shaak
- Dudhi bateta nu shaak
- Ringan bateta nu shaak
- Dudhi chana ni daal nu shaak
- Dudhi ganthia nu shaak
- Dudhi mag ni dal nu shaak
- Dudhi nu shaak
- Fansi ma dhokli nu shaak
- Fansi nu shaak
- Ganthia nu shaak
- Gathoda nu shaak
- Guvar nu shaak
- Kadhi
- Kanda bataka nu shaak
- Karela nu shaak
- Kobi bateta nu shaak
- Keri nu shaak
- Kobi Papdi nu shaak
- Mag nu shaak
- Methi nu shaak
- Methi bateta nu shaak
- Panchkutiyu shaak
- Parwal bateta nu shaak
- Ringan nu shaak
- Ringan no oro
- Sev tameta nu shaak
- Sambhariyu Shaak
- Tameta bateta nu shaak
- Tindoda nu shaak
- Tindoda batetanu shaak
- Tameta muthiyanu shaak
- Palak nu shaak
- Undhiyu: A mixed vegetable casserole that is traditionally cooked upside down underground in earthen pots fired from above. This dish is usually made of the vegetables that are available on the South Gujarat coastline during the winter season, including green beans, unripe banana, muthia, and purple yam. These are cooked in a spicy curry that sometimes includes coconut. Surti Undhiyu is a variant that is served with puri at weddings and banquets. Again it is a mixed vegetable casserole, made with red lentils and seasoned with spices, grated coconut, and palm sugar in a mild sauce. It is garnished with chopped peanuts and toasted grated coconut, and served with rice or roti. This dish is very popular all over Gujarat, and most Gujarati families eat it at least once a year on Makar Sankranti.
- Val papadi nu shaak
- Dal dhokli
Side dishes (''Farsan'')
- Dabeli
- Bhajiya
- Dal Vada
- Locho
- Aloo puri
- Chaat
- Dahi vada
- Dhokla
- Handvo
- Kachori
- Khaman Types Of Khaman : Nylon Khaman & Vati Dal na Khaman
- Khandvi
- Upma
- Khichu
- Lilva kachori
- Patra
- Methi na gota
- Muthia
- Pani puri
- Sev khamani
- Vegetable handva
- Dal vada, Vaati dal na bhajiya
- Bajari na lot na Methi na vada
- Makai no dana
- sabudana na vada
- Khichdo
- Batata vada
- Kela vada
- Ratadu na vada
- Bafela muthiya
- Tadela Bhaat na muthiya
- Ponk na vada
- Khaja
- Undhiyu
Snacks (Nasta)
- Chakri
- Chorafali
- Fafda
- Ganthiya
- Khakhra
- Mathia
- Sev
- Sev mamra
- Lasaniya mamra
- Dhokla
- Porbandar khajli
- Khandvi
- Methi sakarpara
- Methi Muthia
- Ragda Pettis
- Nachni Methi Muthias
- Tuver lilva kachori
- Khichu Papdi
- Khaman
- Mathiya
- Thapda
''Dal'' (pulses)
- Moong Dal
- Gujarati kadhi
- Kadh
- Tuer dal
- Mix dal
''Mithai'' (sweets)
- Adadiya
- Jadariyu
- Sutarfeni
- Kansar
- Maisur
- Halvasan
- Aadupak
- Malpua
- Keri no ras
- Basundi
- Ghari
- Ghughra
- Ghebar or Ghevar
- Son Papdi
- Magas
- Sukhadi
- Mohanthar/Mohanthal
- ghaum ni sev
- Ronvelia
- Penda
- Barfi
- Ladu
- Sheero
- Ghooghra
- Jalebi
- Shrikhand
- Sweet Sev
- Lapsi
- Doodhpak
- Shakkarpara
- Kopra paak
- Dudhi no halwo
- Kaju katri
- Gulab jambu
- Velan lapsi
- Beet no halwo
- Moong dal Halwa
- Fada bi lapsi
- Nankhatai
Condiments
- Chutney
- Raita
- Athanu
- Papadum or Papad
- Papadi
- Masala Papad
- Kachu
- Chhundo
- Murbbo
- Chhas
Spices and seasonings
- Kokum
- Aambli or Aamli
- Gođ
- Chaat Masala
- Hardar or Havej
- Kothmir
- Elaichi
- Garam Masala
- Hing
- Jeeru
- Kesar
- Lilu marchu
- Lal marchu
- Methi
- Phoodino or pudina
- Soonth
- Laving
- Mitho limbdo
- Dhanano
- Singadana