Hüseyin Hilmi was born in İzmir. Hilmi's birth date is not clearly known. He worked as a civil servant in İzmir.
Liberal Hilmi
In İzmir, Hilmi published a newspaper named Serbest İzmir in 1907. He was a supporter of the Ahrar Party and Prince Sabahaddin.
''İştirakçi Hilmi''
He received an inheritance from his father and went to Romania in the following years. In Romania, Hilmi was affected by labour movements and he became a socialist. Hilmi and Anarchist Baha Tevfik published İştirak on 13 February 1909. With this, Hilmi's liberal life was dead. Now, Hilmi was known with İştirak Newspaper. And he was called İştirakçi Hilmi.
Ottoman Socialist Party era
The Ottoman Socialist Party was founded by Hüseyin Hilmi, Namık Hasan, İbnül Tahir İsmail Faik, Baha Tevfik and Hamit Suphi on August 1910. Party was not a normal socialist party. The party did not want a proletariat state. Also OSF was not interested in socialism. The party became a supporter of the liberal ideas of Prince Sabahaddin. The Ottoman Socialist Party was closed in 1912. After the assassination of Mahmut Şevket Pasha, Hilmi was exiled to Sinop Fortress Prison in 1913.
Ottoman Socialist Party in Paris Branch
Paris Branch of OSF was founded by Doctor Refik Nevzat in the 1910s. After the closing of the party in Istanbul and the exiling of Hilmi, Refik Nevzat became the only representative person of the party. He published 3 brochures for OSF named Siyaset-i Hazıra-i Meş'ume, Sosyalizm ve Rehber-i Amele and Haraç Mezat Satıyoruz.
Socialist Party of Turkey
After the Armistice of Mudros Hüseyin Hilmi returned to Istanbul. On 20 February 1325, the Socialist Party of Turkey was founded by Hüseyin Hilmi and another 13 persons. Unlike the Ottoman Socialist Party, the Socialist Party of Turkey was positioned more to the left. Also TSF was a member of the Second International.
Strikes and TSF
In Istanbul, in 1920, the Ottoman worker class launched several strikes for occupation of the country, poor wages, and other reasons. In this atmosphere, TSF became vanguard for Istanbul workers.
On 31 October 1920 Party prepared a second congress. In this congress Hüseyin Hilmi became founder and unchangeable leader. With this, the opposition tried to exile Hilmi and friends. But Hilmi and Hilmi's friends survived this opposition. With this, the opposition split from the party and founded the Independent Socialist Party. After the split, the party lost power.
Third Congress and exiling of Hilmi
On 8 March 1922, the party prepared a third congress. In this congress, Hilmi and supporters were exiled from the party. The party was democratic again but it did not have any effect on the outcome. The party was dissolved.
Killing of Hilmi
On 16 November 1922 Hüseyin Hilmi was killed by a police officer named Ali Haydar. At the first, Ali Haydar said Hilmi was trying to rape him so then he killed the Rapist Hilmi. But he changed his statement after and said Hilmi was killed by unknown men.
