Halichondria
Halichondria is a genus of sea sponges belonging to the family Halichondriidae.
These are massive, amorphous sponges with clearly separated inner and outer skeletons consisting of bundles of spicules arranged in a seemingly random pattern.
This genus of sponges became important through the discovery of cell division limiting properties of the extract Halichondrin B, which inhibits cell mitosis. The drug Eribulin, a related compound and an inhibitor of microtubule function, has become an important chemotherapy treatment for certain types of cancer.Species
- Subgenus Halichondria Schmidt, 1870
- * Halichondria attenuata
- * Halichondria maraensis Kim & Sim, 2009
- * Halichondria schmidti Dendy, 1895
- * Halichondria sitiens
- Subgenus Halichondria Fleming, 1828
- * Halichondria adelpha de Laubenfels, 1954
- * Halichondria agglomerans Cabioch, 1968
- * Halichondria aldabrensis Lévi, 1961
- * Halichondria almae
- * Halichondria arenacea Dendy, 1895
- * Halichondria arenosa Hentschel, 1929
- * Halichondria armata Lindgren, 1897
- * Halichondria axinelloides Swartschewsky, 1906
- * Halichondria bowerbanki Burton, 1930
- * Halichondria brondstedi De Laubenfels, 1936
- * Halichondria brunnea
- * Halichondria cancellosa
- * Halichondria capensis Samaai & Gibbons, 2005
- * Halichondria carotenoidea Alvarez & Hooper, 2011
- * Halichondria cartilaginea
- * Halichondria cebimarensis Carvalho & Hajdu, 2001
- * Halichondria coerulea Bergquist, 1967
- * Halichondria colossea Lundbeck, 1902
- * Halichondria contorta
- * Halichondria convolvens Sarà, 1960
- * Halichondria cornuloides Burton, 1954
- * Halichondria corrugata Diaz, van Soest & Pomponi, 1993
- * Halichondria cristata Sarà, 1978
- * Halichondria cylindrata Tanita & Hoshino, 1989
- * Halichondria darwinensis Hooper, Cook, Hobbs & Kennedy, 1997
- * Halichondria diazae Van Soest & Hooper, 2020
- * Halichondria diversispiculata Burton, 1930
- * Halichondria dubia
- * Halichondria elenae Gastaldi, De Paula, Narvarte, Lôbo-Hajdu & Hajdu, 2018
- * Halichondria fallax
- * Halichondria flexuosa
- * Halichondria foetida
- * Halichondria foraminosa
- * Halichondria fragilis Kieschnick, 1896
- * Halichondria gageoenesis Kang & Sim, 2008
- * Halichondria genitrix
- * Halichondria gilvus Samaai & Gibbons, 2005
- * Halichondria glabrata Keller, 1891
- * Halichondria heterorrhaphis Breitfuss, 1912
- * Halichondria intermedia Brøndsted, 1924
- * Halichondria isthmica
- * Halichondria japonica
- * Halichondria knowltoni Bergquist, 1961
- * Halichondria labiata Hentschel, 1929
- * Halichondria lambei Brøndsted, 1933
- * Halichondria lendenfeldi Lévi, 1961
- * Halichondria leuconoides Topsent, 1890
- * Halichondria longispicula
- * Halichondria lutea Alcolado, 1984
- * Halichondria magniconulosa Hechtel, 1965
- * Halichondria marianae Santos, Nascimento & Pinheiro, 2018
- * Halichondria melanadocia Laubenfels, 1936
- * Halichondria membranacea
- * Halichondria microbiana Alvarez & Hooper, 1911
- * Halichondria migottea Carvalho & Hajdu, 2001
- * Halichondria minuta Keller, 1891
- * Halichondria modesta
- * Halichondria moorei Bergquist, 1961
- * Halichondria muanensis Kang & Sim, 2008
- * Halichondria nigrocutis
- * Halichondria normani Burton, 1930
- * Halichondria oblonga
- * Halichondria okadai
- * Halichondria osculum Lundbeck, 1902
- * Halichondria oshoro Tanita, 1961
- * Halichondria oxiparva
- * Halichondria panicea
- * Halichondria papillaris
- * Halichondria pelliculata Ridley & Dendy, 1886
- * Halichondria phakellioides Dendy & Frederick, 1924
- * Halichondria poa
- * Halichondria pontica
- * Halichondria prostrata Thiele, 1905
- * Halichondria punctata Bergquist, 1970
- * Halichondria renieroides
- * Halichondria semitubulosa
- * Halichondria solidior
- * Halichondria stylata Diaz, Pomponi & Van Soest, 1993
- * Halichondria suberosa
- * Halichondria sulfurea Carvalho & Hajdu, 2001
- * Halichondria surrubicunda Hoshino, 1981
- * Halichondria syringea Pulitzer-Finali, 1996
- * Halichondria tenebrica Carvalho & Hajdu, 2001
- * Halichondria tenuiramosa Dendy, 1922
- * Halichondria tenuispiculata Brøndsted, 1916
- * Halichondria turritella
- * Halichondria velamentosa
- Subgenus unassigned
- * Halichondria albescens sensu Johnston, 1842
- * Halichondria flava
- * Halichondria hongdoenesis Kang & Sim, 2008
- * Halichondria kelleri Van Soest & Hooper, 2020
- * Halichondria lona Laubenfels, 1936
- * Halichondria magellanica Dendy, 1924
- * Halichondria ulleungensis Kang & Sim, 2008