Haplogroup E-M123


In human genetics, Y Haplogroup E-M123 is a Y-chromosome haplogroup, and defined by the single nucleotide polymorphism mutation M123. Like its closest relatives within the larger E-M215 haplogroup, it is found in both Eurasia and Africa. Looking beyond its geographical patterns, E-M123 is also quite common in many Semitic language communities, including among both Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews, accounting for over 10% of all male lines.

Origin

The distribution pattern of E-M123 is patchy and this has led to discussion about how this can be explained. proposed that although the clade has its roots in northeastern Africa, it has likely come to Ethiopia via Egypt, and then the Middle East., as also noted above, came to the same conclusion by comparing different data sets. Luis propose that this male line may have traveled south from the Fertile Crescent with farming technology.

Ancient DNA

According to the genetic analyses done on six Natufian remains from Northern Israel, the Natufians carried the Y-DNA haplogroup E-Z830, a somewhat upwind clade of E-M123. The Natufians were one of the first settled peoples in the world and may have contributed to the domestication of certain crops, and thus the advent of agriculture. The discovery of E-Z830 suggests an indigenous presence in Canaan and Israel that predates all other clades, which are not known to have existed in the region at the time. E-M123 is thought to have a TMRCA about 18,000 years ago, 8,000 years before the Natufian remains are from.

Distribution

E-M123 is best known for its major sub-clade E-M34, which dominates this clade. However, earlier studies did not test for E-M34.
Region and PopulationNE-M34Study
Natufians 540-100 Lazaridis et al. 2016
Jordanians 4531.1Flores et al. 2005
Ethiopian Amhara3423.5Cruciani et al. 2004
Ethiopian Jews2213.6Cruciani et al. 2004
Sahara/Mauritania18911.1Bekada et al. 2013
Algerian Kabyles1910.5Arredi et al. 2004
Hazara 6910.1Di Cristofaro et al. 2013
Ashkenazi Jews
non-Levite, non-Cohanim		7410.0Hammer et al. 2009
Ethiopian Wolayta128.3Cruciani et al. 2004
Yemen628.1Cadenas et al. 2007
Ethiopian Oromo258Cruciani et al. 2004
Erzurum Turkish258Cruciani et al. 2004
Omanite137.7Cruciani et al. 2004
Bedouins287.1Cruciani et al. 2004
Sicilians1366.6Cruciani et al. 2004
Sephardi Turkish195.3Cruciani et al. 2004
United Arab Emirate414.9Cruciani et al. 2004
Northern Egyptians214.8Cruciani et al. 2004
Southeastern Turkish244.2Cruciani et al. 2004
Armenians4134.1Herrera et al. 2011
Druze Arabs283.6Cruciani et al. 2004
Sardinians3673.5Cruciani et al. 2004
Marrakesh Berbers293.4Cruciani et al. 2004
Palestinians293.4Cruciani et al. 2004
Central Anatolian613.3Cruciani et al. 2004
Istanbul Turkish352.9Cruciani et al. 2004
Southwestern Turkish402.5Cruciani et al. 2004
Southern Italians872.3Cruciani et al. 2004
Turkish Cypriots462.2Cruciani et al. 2004
Azeri972.1Cruciani et al. 2004
Northern Italians671.5Cruciani et al. 2004
Corsicans1401.4Cruciani et al. 2004
Asturians901.1Cruciani et al. 2004
Caucasus19520.4Yunusbayev et al. 2011
Northern Portuguese50...Cruciani et al. 2004
Southern Portuguese49...Cruciani et al. 2004
Pasiegos from Cantabria56...Cruciani et al. 2004
Southern Spaniards62...Cruciani et al. 2004
Spanish Basques55...Cruciani et al. 2004
French85...Cruciani et al. 2004
French Basques16...Cruciani et al. 2004
Orkney Islanders7...Cruciani et al. 2004
Danish35...Cruciani et al. 2004
Central Italians89...Cruciani et al. 2004
Polish38...Cruciani et al. 2004
Estonians74...Cruciani et al. 2004
Russians42...Cruciani et al. 2004
Romanians14...Cruciani et al. 2004
Bulgarians8081.9Karachanak et al. 2013
Albanians19...Cruciani et al. 2004

Subclade distribution

E-M123* (tested and definitely without E-M34)

Such cases are relatively rare, but the following have been reported.
E-M123 has sometimes been reported without checking for the M-34 SNP, for example:
And E-M34 has sometimes been tested without testing for M123:

Phylogenetic history

Prior to 2002, there were in academic literature at least seven naming systems for the Y-Chromosome Phylogenetic tree. This led to considerable confusion. In 2002, the major research groups came together and formed the Y-Chromosome Consortium. They published a joint paper that created a single new tree that all agreed to use. Later, a group of citizen scientists with an interest in population genetics and genetic genealogy formed a working group to create an amateur tree aiming at being above all timely. The table below brings together all of these works at the point of the landmark 2002 YCC Tree. This allows a researcher reviewing older published literature to quickly move between nomenclatures.
YCC 2002/2008 ''''''YCC 2002 YCC 2005 YCC 2008 YCC 2010r ISOGG 2006ISOGG 2007ISOGG 2008ISOGG 2009ISOGG 2010ISOGG 2011ISOGG 2012
E-P2921III3A13Eu3H2BE*EEEEEEEEEE
E-M3321III3A13Eu3H2BE1*E1E1aE1aE1E1E1aE1aE1aE1aE1a
E-M4421III3A13Eu3H2BE1aE1aE1a1E1a1E1aE1aE1a1E1a1E1a1E1a1E1a1
E-M7521III3A13Eu3H2BE2aE2E2E2E2E2E2E2E2E2E2
E-M5421III3A13Eu3H2BE2bE2bE2bE2b1-------
E-P225III414Eu3H2BE3*E3E1bE1b1E3E3E1b1E1b1E1b1E1b1E1b1
E-M28III515Eu2H2BE3a*E3aE1b1E1b1aE3aE3aE1b1aE1b1aE1b1aE1b1a1E1b1a1
E-M588III515Eu2H2BE3a1E3a1E1b1a1E1b1a1E3a1E3a1E1b1a1E1b1a1E1b1a1E1b1a1a1aE1b1a1a1a
E-M116.28III515Eu2H2BE3a2E3a2E1b1a2E1b1a2E3a2E3a2E1b1a2E1b1a2E1ba12removedremoved
E-M1498III515Eu2H2BE3a3E3a3E1b1a3E1b1a3E3a3E3a3E1b1a3E1b1a3E1b1a3E1b1a1a1cE1b1a1a1c
E-M1548III515Eu2H2BE3a4E3a4E1b1a4E1b1a4E3a4E3a4E1b1a4E1b1a4E1b1a4E1b1a1a1g1cE1b1a1a1g1c
E-M1558III515Eu2H2BE3a5E3a5E1b1a5E1b1a5E3a5E3a5E1b1a5E1b1a5E1b1a5E1b1a1a1dE1b1a1a1d
E-M108III515Eu2H2BE3a6E3a6E1b1a6E1b1a6E3a6E3a6E1b1a6E1b1a6E1b1a6E1b1a1a1eE1b1a1a1e
E-M3525III414Eu4H2BE3b*E3bE1b1b1E1b1b1E3b1E3b1E1b1b1E1b1b1E1b1b1removedremoved
E-M7825III414Eu4H2BE3b1*E3b1E1b1b1aE1b1b1a1E3b1aE3b1aE1b1b1aE1b1b1aE1b1b1aE1b1b1a1E1b1b1a1
E-M14825III414Eu4H2BE3b1aE3b1aE1b1b1a3aE1b1b1a1c1E3b1a3aE3b1a3aE1b1b1a3aE1b1b1a3aE1b1b1a3aE1b1b1a1c1E1b1b1a1c1
E-M8125III414Eu4H2BE3b2*E3b2E1b1b1bE1b1b1b1E3b1bE3b1bE1b1b1bE1b1b1bE1b1b1bE1b1b1b1E1b1b1b1a
E-M10725III414Eu4H2BE3b2aE3b2aE1b1b1b1E1b1b1b1aE3b1b1E3b1b1E1b1b1b1E1b1b1b1E1b1b1b1E1b1b1b1aE1b1b1b1a1
E-M16525III414Eu4H2BE3b2bE3b2bE1b1b1b2E1b1b1b1b1E3b1b2E3b1b2E1b1b1b2aE1b1b1b2aE1b1b1b2aE1b1b1b2aE1b1b1b1a2a
E-M12325III414Eu4H2BE3b3*E3b3E1b1b1cE1b1b1cE3b1cE3b1cE1b1b1cE1b1b1cE1b1b1cE1b1b1cE1b1b1b2a
E-M3425III414Eu4H2BE3b3a*E3b3aE1b1b1c1E1b1b1c1E3b1c1E3b1c1E1b1b1c1E1b1b1c1E1b1b1c1E1b1b1c1E1b1b1b2a1
E-M13625III414Eu4H2BE3ba1E3b3a1E1b1b1c1aE1b1b1c1a1E3b1c1aE3b1c1aE1b1b1c1a1E1b1b1c1a1E1b1b1c1a1E1b1b1c1a1E1b1b1b2a1a1

Research publications

The following research teams per their publications were represented in the creation of the YCC tree.

Phylogenetic trees

Y-DNA E subclades

Y-DNA backbone tree

Works cited

Additional sources