Haplogroup R2


Haplogroup R2, or R-M479, is a Y-chromosome haplogroup characterized by genetic marker M479. It is one of two primary descendants of Haplogroup R, the other being R1.
R-M479 has been concentrated geographically in South Asia and Central Asia since prehistory. It appears to reach its highest levels among the Burusho people in North Pakistan. However, it also appears to be present at low levels in the Caucasus, Iran, Anatolia and Europe.
It has two primary branches: R2a and R2b

Structure

Source: ISOGG 2017.

Geographical distribution

Most research has tested only for the presence of R-M479 and R-M124. Because the other primary branch, R2b was discovered later than R2a, it has often not been tested for. Hence most results are best described as R2.
In addition, relatively little research has been done within South Asia, which is known to have the greatest concentration of R2.
In 2013, R2 was found in 5 out of 19 males from the Burusho minority of North Pakistan.

R2a (R-M124)

is characterized by SNPs M124, F820/Page4, L381, P249, and is mainly found in South Asia, with lower frequencies in Central Asia and the Caucasus.

R2b (R-FGC21706)

Phylogenetic tree

Description of the SNP M479

Y-DNA R-M207 subclades

Y-DNA backbone tree