Har Us Nuur National Park


Har Us Nuur National Park covers a chain of three large lakes in the Great Lakes Basin of western Mongolia. The lakes, Khar-Us Nuur, Khar Lake and Dörgön Lake are bordered by marshes and reed-beds that are an important breeding sport for birds, over 200 species of which have been identified in the park. Mount Jargalant is on the southern shore of Khar-Us. This park is distinct from Khyargas Nuur National Park, another large lake in the region, but 60 km to the north.

Topography

The main lake is Khar-Us Nuur, 70 km at its longest extent. Khar-Us is fed by the Khovd Gol, which enters in a delta on the west side. In the north of the 1,852 km2 lake is a large island, Agbash, with an area of 274 km2. Immediately east of Khar-Us is Khar Lake, which is connected by a canal with Dörgön Lake to the southeast. The first two lakes are freshwater, the third is saline. On the southern edge of Khar-Us is Jargalant Mountain, with an elevation of. The park is surrounded by semi-arid desert steppe. The lakes, once part of a larger single lake 5,000 years ago, are fed by rivers from the surrounding Altai Mountains.

Climate and ecoregion

The climate of the area is Cold semi-arid climate. This climate is characteristic of steppe climates intermediary between desert humid climates, and typically have precipitation is above evapotranspiration. At least one month averages below.
Precipitation in the area averages 122 mm/year. The lakes are frozen for half the year. The park is situated in the Great Lakes Basin desert steppe ecoregion.

Flora and fauna

The marshes are largely Phragmites communis. Birds include the endangered White-headed duck, the near-threatened Dalmatian pelican , and the vulnerable Swan goose. There are three species of endemic fish, including the Narrow-headed Altai osman. in the 1960s, muskrat were introduced to the area for fur production; they have grown in number and place pressure on the reed beds.