Harmony Day is celebrated annually on 21 March in Australia. Harmony Day began in 1999, coinciding with the United NationsInternational Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination. The day was introduced by the Howard Government to re-centralise a singular and unifying notion of Australian-ness within multicultural policy. Each year, it is marked by people coming together and participating in local activities. The continuing message of Harmony Day is 'Everyone Belongs'. It is about community participation, inclusiveness, celebrating diversity, respect and belonging. The national colour for harmony day is Orange. Communities themselves decide how they would like to come together to mark the occasion – some have morning teas, others organise a fair and some celebrate by dressing in national costumes. Since 1999, a wide variety of groups including sports organisations, community groups, local government, churches, schools and businesses have staged more than 55,000 Harmony Day events.
Origins
Harmony Day was introduced by the Howard Government in 1998. John Howard was an active opponent of multiculturalism, having helped developed the One Australia policy in 1988 that called for an end to multiculturalism. By the late 1990s, the Australian political environment had been greatly influenced by anti-immigration and anti multiculturalism, following the rise of Pauline Hanson and progress in land rights for Indigenous Australians. Howard initially commissioned Eureka Research in 1998 to undertake an anti-racism study to "explore and understand the subtleties and nature of racism in the Australia of the late 1990s with a view to mounting an effective mass media and/or education anti-racism campaign”. The research reached two major conclusions:
That there was a clear need for an explicit anti-racism campaign, with 85% of respondents recognising racism as widespread and multi-faceted in Australia.
That a focus on 'living in harmony' be promoted.
However the outcomes of the research were not aligned with Howard's views that Australians were not racist, as he later stated when commenting on the racially motivated 2005 Cronulla riots, "I do not accept that there is underlying racism in this country." To avoid a focus on eliminating racism, the Howard government instead focused on the second part of the research and developed Harmony Day as a result. The findings of the Eureka report was suppressed from public access until 2011.
Diversity
The Diversity and Social Cohesion Program has two key elements: Community Grants and Harmony Day. The Diversity Cohesion Program provides funding, education and information to help organisations create a spirit of inclusiveness, and helps ensure all Australians are treated fairly regardless of their cultural background or circumstance.
Criticism
Criticism of Harmony Day has focused on the multi-cultural aspect of the day and the shift in focus away from anti-racism.
Emeritus Professor Andrew Jakubowicz was critical of the extended governmental suppression of the original Eureka research for 13 years, and the subsequent lack of research or focus on attempts to eliminate racism. IndigenousX CEO and founder Luke Pearson has argued that the introduction of Harmony Day was an effort to find Anti-racism groups have highlighted media coverage at the time Harmony Day was introduced that proposed the Australian government was not doing enough to eliminate racism. Not-for-profit group All Together Now have questioned why Harmony Day was needed at all if there was no racism in Australia, describing the creation of the day as "Orwellian". The Secretary for the New South Wales Fabians, a left-wing thinktank, argued that
Multiculturalism criticism
Commercial and technology lawyer Dan Ryan, writing in The Australian in 2011, criticised Harmony Day, likening it to government projects in China. He said that events like Harmony Day are aimed at oppression of liberties in China, and are therefore impossible to achieve in a democratic country such as Australia. He also said that multiculturalism was being whitewashed by the government and media. Grette Toner, in an Australian Curriculum Studies Association paper titled Beyond Harmony: Rethinking Intercultural Learning for Australian Primary Schools, visited a primary school and found the day's activities to be "largely symbolic...difficult to gauge what students learned". Criticism was also aimed at the school for not involving anybody from outside of it.
