Heinrich Lehmann-Willenbrock


Heinrich Lehmann-Willenbrock was a submarine commander in the Kriegsmarine of Nazi Germany during World War II. He ranks sixth of the most successful U-boat commanders in the Battle of the Atlantic against the Allies. He commanded four U-boats, including, a Type VIIC U-boat, which gained widespread recognition when one of its patrols was documented and publicized by an accompanying member of a propaganda company Lothar-Günther Buchheim. Lehmann-Willenbrock was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves. The story of the U-96 was eventually made into a mini-series and film called Das Boot, in which the captain was portrayed by Jürgen Prochnow.
After the war, Lehmann-Willenbrock became a merchant ship captain, serving as the first captain of Germany's nuclear freighter Otto Hahn.

Early life and career

Lehmann-Willenbrock was born on 11 December 1911 in Bremen, in what was then the German Empire. He joined the Reichsmarine of the Weimar Republic in April 1931, as an Officer Candidate, and received his basic training with the Naval Infantry. He was promoted to Sea Cadet in October 1931 and attended Navy Officer Training from March 1932 to January 1933. He was then advanced to the rank of Midshipman and spent the next two years performing at-sea training. In August 1933, he was also appointed as navigation officer of the naval tender "Weser". He was advanced to Senior Midshipman in January 1935.
In April 1935, Lehmann-Willenbrock was commissioned as a Leutnant zur See and assigned as signals officer onboard the cruiser Karlsruhe. The following year, in September 1936, he was assigned for five months to the Naval Barracks at Glücksburg before receiving orders to report as Watch officer onboard the sailing vessel Horst Wessel. Lehmann-Willenbrock reported to the ship in February 1937, having received a promotion to Senior Lieutenant one month earlier. He served on the ship for twenty six months before applying to join the German Navy's submarine branch

U-boat service

Lehmann-Willenbrock transferred to the U-boat arm of the German Navy in April 1939. Upon serving as an executive officer on, he was promoted to captain and took command of in December 1939. His first patrol, which lasted 15 days, was along the coast of Norway during Operation Hartmut, the U-boat operation in support of the invasion of Norway.
Upon the return of U-5, Lehmann-Willenbrock was transferred to the newly commissioned, a Type VIIC U-boat. During three patrols under Willenbrock's command, U-96 sank 125,580 tons of Allied shipping. In 1941, U-96 sunk three British troop ships: , and Anselm, each with considerable loss of life. The seventh patrol was the approximate time that Lothar-Günther Buchheim boarded U-96 and documented the boat's operations in his book Das Boot.
Lehmann-Willenbrock left U-96 in March 1942 to be promoted to Korvettenkapitän and appointed commander of the 9th U-boat Flotilla, stationed in Brest. On 2 September 1944 he assumed command of and escaped the besieged Brest just a few days before the town's surrender. He reached Bergen, Norway, on 23 October. In Bergen he was appointed commander of the 11th U-boat Flotilla in December, and held the position until the German surrender in Norway on 9 May 1945.

U-boat combat summary

During his patrols with U-96, Lehmann-Willenbrock was awarded with the Iron Cross 2nd Class, the Iron Cross 1st Class, the U-Boat War Badge, the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, and the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves for his achievements. He sank 24 ships for, damaged two ships for and damaged one ship as a total loss for. A total of 1,272 people lost their lives.

DateShipNationalityTonnage
ConvoyFateLocationDeaths
11 December 1940Rotorua10,890HX-92Sunk
11 December 1940TowaNetherlands5,419HX-92Sunk
12 December 1940MacedonierBelgium5,227HX-92Sunk
12 December 1940StureholmSweden4,575HX-92Sunk
14 December 1940Empire Razorbill5,118OB-257Damaged
14 December 1940Western Prince10,926Sunk
18 December 1940PendrechtNetherlands10,746OB-259Damaged
16 January 194114,118Sunk
17 January 194114,936Sunk
13 February 1941Arthur F. Corwin10,516HX-106Sunk
13 February 1941Clea7,987HX-106Sunk
18 February 19415,589HX-107Sunk
22 February 1941Scottish Standard6,999OB-287Sunk
23 February 1941Anglo-Peruvian5,457OB-288Sunk
24 February 1941Linaria3,385OB-288Sunk
24 February 1941Sirikishna5,458OB-288Sunk
28 April 1941CaledoniaNorway9,892HX-121Sunk
28 April 1941Oilfield8,516HX-121Sunk
28 April 1941Port Hardy8,897HX-121Sunk
19 May 1941Empire Ridge2,922HG-61Sunk
5 July 19415,954Sunk
31 October 1941BennekomNetherlands5,998OS-10Sunk
19 February 1942Empire Seal7,965Sunk
20 February 1942Lake OsweyaUSA2,398Scuttled
22 February 1942Kars8,888HX-175Total Loss
22 February 1942TorungenNorway1,948Sunk
9 March 1942TyrNorway4,265Sunk

Summary of Service

Awards and decorations