Helen Millar Craggs was a suffragette and pharmacist and later Baroness Pethick-Lawrence.
Life and activism
Craggs was born Helen Millar Craggs in Westminster, London in 1888, daughter to Sir John Craggs, an accountant, who donate money for tropical medicine research, and she had seven siblings. Craggs was educated at Roedean and wished to study medicine, but her father refused that idea and Craggs went to teach science and physical exercise at her formed school for a time. Although Craggs' mother supported suffragism and was a lead committee member in the national and KensingtonConservative and Unionist Women's Franchise Association, she deplored activism. Cragg used a pseudonym 'Helen Millar' when she joined the Women's Social and Political Union activists during the Peckham election in 1908. She was chalking pavements and handing out campaigning literature on the women's suffrage. Cragg assisted Flora Drummond with the aim of ousting Winston Churchill in the successful campaigning wiping out his majority on this and other equality themes during the election in Manchester. Churchill was then put forwards for the Dundee seat, where WSPU were ready to challenge him again Within two years, she had to leave an unsympathetic home to become a full time WSPU organiser at 25 shillings per month, living in rented property in Bloomsbury. She was joined at the Women's Press shop by Mary Richardson who spoke about the obscene abuse whispered by male 'bystanders' and others who came in to tear up the suffrage materials. The Museum of London has an image of Craggs on a horsedrawn carriage for distributing the Votes for Women newspaper. Cragg was close to Emmeline Pankhurst's son Harry, who suffered from polio, and visited his nursing home throughout and was with him when he died in January 1910. Cragg became organiser, after Grace Roe, at Brixton WSPU branch, and later at Hamstead. Within the movement, Craggs befriended Ethel Smyth, Evelyn Sharp and Beatrice Harradan. Craggs also spent time with Marie Newby in Devon influencing the campaign there. Craggs was also in Wales and identified as the protester who jumped out at the Home Secretary at Llandaff Cathedral during a Royal Visit at Cathays Park saying 'it was a shame he was going about the country while suffragettes where starving in prison' In November 1910, Craggs went to the Paragon Theatre, Whitechapel at 2a.m. to hide in the freezing roofspace overnight before Lloyd George was due to speak. Craggs broke through the crowd from her hideout shouting at the Chancellor about women's rights, and was thrown brutally down a stone staircase. A bystanding man who said 'women pay taxes too' was beaten. Cardiff University Archive has an image of Craggs from the Daily Sketch in 1912. In 1912, Craggs was imprisoned in Holloway Prison for smashing windows and went on hunger strike. Later Craggs was arrested for carrying materials for causing arson, near Nuneham Courtney, the home of Government Cabinet member, Lewis Harcourt. WSPU insisted Craggs was acting alone, as this was the first threat to property. The incident was described in detail in court about two women hiring a canoe, and surprise encounter with a policeman, to whom Craggs said they were camping nearby and had come to 'look around the house'. The constable later identified Craggs, but the second woman escaped and police found food and WSPU flag colours and phone numbers of the property and the Oxford Fire Station. Craggs wore ' a striking costume prominently displaying the suffragist colours' when she appeared in Bullingdon Petty Sessions court the next day and admitted her intent would not give her name. Craggs was held in remand due to the seriousness of the crime and sentenced at the Assizes court in Oxford, bailed at £1000, half was provided by Ethel Smyth. Craggs was sent for 9 months with hard labour in Oxford Prison, and wrote thanking Hugh Franklin for allegedly getting photographs of the property. Craggs was moved to Holloway Prison, again went on hunger strike and was force fed five times in two days and suffered internal and external brusing for 11 days then released due to her health. Lewis Harcourt gave £1000 donation to the League for Opposing Women's Suffrage. Craggs moved to Dublin where she trained at the Rotunda Hospital as a midwife, married a London East EndGeneral practitioner, Duncan Alexander McCrombie, from Aberdeen. Her parents did not attend the wedding in 1914. Craggs trained as a pharmacist to support her husband's practice. Craggs was widowed in 1936, at a young age, starting in business making jigsaws as a means of earning income for her two children, Sarah and John Alexander Somerville.
