Henry Wallace Clark


Henry Wallace Clark was an American consulting engineer, known for popularizing the work of Henry Gantt with his 1922 work "The Gantt chart; a working tool of management".
In 1934 he was awarded the Henry Laurence Gantt Medal by the ASME. A year after his death the Wallace Clark Award was initiated, an award for distinguished contribution to scientific management in the international field.

Biography

Youth and early career

Born in Cincinnati, Ohio to William Allen Clark and Mary Ann Clark, Clark attended the local schools, and graduated in 1902 from the University of Cincinnati.
After graduation Clark started his career as assistant manager at the Machine Tool Co. of Cincinnati, and spend one year in the Orient. From 1910 to 1917 he was employed by the Remington Typewriter Company, where he was private secretary to the President. and ended up as office manager. Here Clark met Henry Gantt, who had reorganized the Remington Typewriter factory at Ilion, New York in 1910. From 1919 to 1920 Clark was staff engineer at the H.L. Gantt Company.

Further career

In 1920 Clark founded his own management consulting company Wallace Clark & Co. in New York, specialized in international management. It grew with offices in London, Berlin Prague, Warsaw, Geneva and Athens. Among his employees was Walter Polakov, who had launching his own consulting company in 1915, and Paul Eugene Holden in the year 1930-31. Another employee was the Frenchman Serge Heranger, who wrote the article "Applying the Gantt Chart in France."
In the 1949 the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and three other societies initiated the annual Wallace Clark Award for distinguished contribution to scientific management in the international field.

Work

Clark was "disciple of Henry Gantt", and worked in the tradition of Frederick Taylor and the Scientific management.

Scientific management

The scientific management movement had originated with Frederick W. Taylor’s 1911 book Scientific Management, in which Taylor argued for the application of physical engineering principles to the organization of manufacturing companies. Clark became one the movement’s more prolific exponents.
Clark wrote several books over the course of his career, including The Gantt Chart: A Working Tool of Management, Shop Office and Forms: Their Design and Use, and The Foreman and His Job.

Woodward & Tiernan Printing Company Building

In the 1920s Woodward & Tiernan sought to build the most advanced printing plant possible and selected the finest talent to plan and design it. The firm first enlisted Wallace Clark, one of the nation’s foremost industrial engineers, to work with its executives in planning the factory’s interior.
Clark’s recommendations produced a rational factory in which production flowed east to west and from the top down. Such attention to the relationship between building form and the material production inside is a fundamental component of daylight factory design.

Studies in Europe

In 1926 Clark was selected by Princeton Professor Edwin W. Kemmerer to study and advise Poland’s government on its industrial practices and was named a Commander of the Cross of Poland Restored for his efforts.
In 1933 he led a commission charged with studying and reorganizing government monopolies in Turkey, and later served as the American representative on industrial engineering to the International Labor Office in Switzerland.

Implementation of the Gantt chart in Europe and Britain

In a 2015 article, Daniel A. Wren, traced the implementation of the Gantt chart in Europe, and especially in Britain. He found, that:

Publications

Articles, a selection: