Hexanchiformes
The Hexanchiformes are the order consisting of the most primitive types of sharks, and numbering just seven extant species. Fossil sharks that were apparently very similar to modern sevengill species are known from Jurassic specimens.
Hexanchiform sharks have only one dorsal fin, either six or seven gill slits, and no nictitating membrane in the eyes. Shark teeth similar to those modern hexanchids are known from Devonian deposits in Antarctica and Australia, as well as Permian deposits in Japan. If these are in fact hexanchids, this may be the only extant order of elasmobranchs to have survived after the Permian extinction.
The frilled sharks of the genus Chlamydoselachus are very different from the cow sharks, and have been proposed to be moved to a distinct order, Chlamydoselachiformes.Classification
Living species
- Family Chlamydoselachidae Garman 1884
- *Chlamydoselachus Garman, 1884
- **Chlamydoselachus africana Ebert & Compagno, 2009
- ** Chlamydoselachus anguineus Garman, 1884
- Family Hexanchidae J. E. Gray 1851
- *Heptranchias Rafinesque, 1810
- ** Heptranchias perlo
- * Hexanchus Rafinesque, 1810
- **Hexanchus griseus
- ** Hexanchus nakamurai Teng, 1962
- ** Hexanchus vitulus Daly-Engel, 2018
- * Notorynchus Ayres, 1855
- **Notorynchus cepedianus
Extinct species
- Family Chlamydoselachidae
- *Chlamydoselachus Garman, 1884
- **Chlamydoselachus bracheri Pfeil, 1983
- ** Chlamydoselachus fiedleri Pfeil, 1983
- ** Chlamydoselachus garmani Welton, 1983
- ** Chlamydoselachus goliath Antunes & Cappetta, 2002
- ** Chlamydoselachus gracilis Antunes & Cappetta, 2002
- ** Chlamydoselachus keyesi Mannering & Hiller, 2008
- ** Chlamydoselachus landinii Carrillo-Briceño, Aguilera & Rodriguez, 2014
- ** Chlamydoselachus lawleyi Davis, 1887
- ** Chlamydoselachus tatere Consoli, 2008
- ** Chlamydoselachus thomsoni Richter & Ward, 1990
- ** Chlamydoselachus tobleri Leriche, 1929
- * Proteothrinax Pfeil, 1983
- ** Proteothrinax baumgartneri Pfeil, 1983
- Family Crassonotidae
- *Crassodontidanus Kriwet & Klug, 2011
- **Crassodontidanus serratus Fraas, 1855
- ** Crassodontidanus wiedenrothi Thies, 1983
- * Notidanoides Maisey, 1986
- **Notidanoides muensteri Agassiz, 1843
- * Notidanus Cuvier, 1816
- **Notidanus amalthei Oppel, 1854
- ** Notidanus atrox Ameghino, 1899
- ** Notidanus intermedius Wagner, 1862
- ** Notidanus nikitini Chabakov & Zonov, 1935
- * Pachyhexanchus Cappetta, 1990
- **Pachyhexanchus pockrandti Ward & Thies, 1987
- Family Hexanchidae
- *Gladioserratus Underwood, Goswami, Prasad, Verma & Flynn, 2011
- **Gladioserratus aptiensis Pictet, 1864
- ** Gladioserratus dentatus Guinot, Cappetta & Adnet, 2014
- ** Gladioserratus magnus Underwood, Goswami, Prasad, Verma & Flynn, 2011
- * Heptranchias Rafinesque, 1810
- **Heptranchias ezoensis Applegate & Uyeno, 1968
- ** Heptranchias howellii Reed, 1946
- ** Heptranchias karagalensis Kozlov in Zhelezko & Kozlov, 1999
- ** Heptranchias tenuidens Leriche, 1938
- * Hexanchus Rafinesque, 1810
- **Hexanchus agassizi Cappetta, 1976
- ** Hexanchus andersoni Jordan, 1907
- ** Hexanchus casieri Kozlov, 1999
- ** Hexanchus collinsonae Ward, 1979
- ** Hexanchus gracilis Davis, 1887
- ** Hexanchus hookeri Ward, 1979
- ** Hexanchus microdon Agassiz, 1843
- ** Hexanchus tusbairicus Kozlov in Zhelezko & Kozlov, 1999
- * Notidanodon Cappetta, 1975
- **Notidanodon brotzeni Siverson, 1995
- ** Notidanodon dentatus Woodward, 1886
- ** Notidanodon lanceolatus Woodward, 1886
- ** Notidanodon loozi Vincent, 1876
- ** Notidanodon pectinatus Agassiz, 1843
- * Notorynchus Ayres, 1855
- **Notorynchus borealus Jordan & Hannibal, 1923
- ** Notorynchus kempi Ward, 1979
- ** Notorynchus lawleyi Cigala Fulgosi, 1983
- ** Notorynchus primigenius Agassiz, 1843
- ** Notorynchus serratissimus Agassiz, 1843
- ** Notorynchus subrecurvus Oppenheimer, 1907
- * Pachyhexanchus Cappetta, 1990
- **Pachyhexanchus pockrandti Ward & Thies, 1987
- * Paraheptranchias Pfeil, 1981
- **Paraheptranchias repens Probst, 1879
- * Pseudonotidanus Underwood & Ward, 2004
- **Pseudonotidanus semirugosus Underwood & Ward, 2004
- * Welcommia Cappetta, 1990
- **Welcommia bodeuri Cappetta, 1990
- ** Welcommia cappettai Klug & Kriwet, 2010
- * Weltonia Ward, 1979
- **Weltonia ancistrodon Arambourg, 1952
- ** Weltonia burnhamensis Ward, 1979
- Family Mcmurdodontidae ?
- *Mcmurdodus White, 1968
- **Mcmurdodus featherensis White, 1968
- ** Mcmurdodus whitei Turner, & Young, 1987
- Family Orthacodontidae
- *Occitanodus Guinot, Cappetta & Adnet, 2014
- **Occitanodus sudrei Guinot, Cappetta & Adnet, 2014
- * Orthacodus Woodward, 1889
- **Orthacodus longidens Agassiz, 1843
- * Sphenodus Agassiz, 1843
- **Sphenodus alpinus Gümbel, 1861
- ** Sphenodus longidens Agassiz, 1843
- ** Sphenodus lundgreni Davis, 1890
- ** Sphenodus macer Quenstedt, 1852
- ** Sphenodus nitidus Wagner, 1862
- ** Sphenodus planus Agassiz, 1843
- ** Sphenodus rectidens Emmons, 1858
- ** Sphenodus robustidens Seguenza, 1900
- ** Sphenodus tithonius Gemmellaro, 1871
- ** Sphenodus virgai Gemmellaro, 1871
Species
Footnotes