Hinterland energy in Guyana
In Guyana, the areas outside of the coastal plain are referred to as hinterland. Approximately twenty percent of the Guyanese population live in the hinterland. The population mostly consists of Amerindian communities who have little access to modern energy services such as electricity, light and modern fuels for cooking and transportation. This situation contrasts with the coastal plain, where there is access to the electricity grid. Several initiatives are in place to improve energy services in the hinterland.
Stakeholders and involved parties
Many offices and organisations are active in issues relating to energy development in the hinterland, some of which are listed below:| Acronym | Full Name | Description | Location |
| OPM | Office of Prime Minister | Responsibility for energy sector | Georgetown |
| MoAA | Ministry of Amerindian Affairs | Beneficiary in many projects | Georgetown |
| GEA | Guyana Energy Agency | Energy policies, advice, recommendations | Georgetown |
| OP | Office of President / LCDS | Responsibility on [|GRIF] | Georgetown |
| IAST | Institute of Applied Science and Technology | Research on agro energy | Georgetown |
| IDB | Inter-American Development Bank | Financing | Georgetown |
| UNDP | United Nations Development Programme | Development | Georgetown |
| Caricom | Caribbean Community | Caribbean Community | Georgetown |
| CREDP | Caribbean Renewable Energy Dev.Prog. | CARICOM Renewable Energy | St. Lucia |
| OLADE | Latin American Energy Organization | Latin American Energy Organisation | Ecuador |
| CIDA | Canadian International Development Agency | Canadian International Development Agency | Canada |
| JICA | Japan International Cooperation Agency | Japanese development Agency | Georgetown |
| Eerepami | Eerepami Regenwald Stiftung | NGO Foundation Germany-Guyana | Germany |
| SIDS DOCK | Small Islands Developing States cooperation | Platform to assist SIDS to develop sustainable energy | New York |
| Peace Corps | Peace Corps Guyana | Community Development thru Capacity Building | Georgetown |
Projects and initiatives
Unserved Areas Electrification Programme (GoG,OPM,IDB 2004-2010)
The Government of Guyana started the implementation of the with loan support from the Inter-American Development Bank in 2004, which had several components, including extending electric grid coverage of , reducing losses, management and operational support and a Customer Information System. It also had a hinterland energy component, using Solar Home Systems and community-based systems for schools to provide community and household access to electricity. The systems in Yarakita, Capoey, Kurukubaru and Muritaro comprised a 125 W monocrystalline panel and flooded lead acid battery. The schools in these villages received 250 W system with inverter, 8x25W bulbs and 120 V outlets. Another 12 villages received a total of 1200 SHS with 65 W panels and maintenance-free AGM battery, and one 260 W system for the school. Wind speed measurements were carried out in Orealla, Jawalla, Campbelletown and Yupukari, but wind power potential was found to be insufficientRural Electrification Project (GEA, OLADE, CIDA 2009)
This project was funded by CIDA, implemented jointly by the Latin American Energy Organisation and the University of Calgary-Haskayne School of Business. The Guyana Energy Agency was the national supporting agency. The project focused on the village of Wowetta and it included 5 components: 49 Solar Home Systems, a freezer for the village shop, a Lorenz submersible water pump for irrigation of vegetable garden, an electric 110 V cassava mill powered by a diesel generator, and a joinery shop. A field visit in May 2011 showed that the SHS and solar freezer were working well, but the water pump was defective. In addition, due to several overcast days the freezer was temporarily emptied due to insufficient cooling.Hinterland Electrification by Renewable Energy Pilot Project (UNDP/OPM 2006-2008)
The purpose of this project was capacity building and demonstration of renewable energy. It was funded by UNDP and implemented by Office of Prime Minister. During this project, 3 PV systems were installed for income generation, one in Wauna to support a peanut processing business, one in Kato for a vaccine freezer and battery charging service and one in Orealla to support Fruit Cheese production. Also, efficient woodstoves were introduced in Orealla and Kato to reduce firewood consumption and respiratory illnesses from smoke inhalation. Wind measurement was carried out in Paramakatoi, but proved insufficient for wind power generationIn Kato an opportunity was identified to use small hydro-power at the Chiung River to operate a water pump for irrigation purposes, and a prefeasibility study was carried out. In 2011 the hydro-power option is pursued by OPM and under EU support to provide the school in Kato with electricity and irrigation for the nearby fields.
Energy Services at Community Level for MDG achievement in Hinterland area (UNDP/OPM/GEA 2010-2015)
The United Nations Development Programme UNDP has initiated a project on delivering energy services to hinterland areas. However, this project also targets other energy needs besides electricity, like cooking and transportation and it focuses specifically on community needs. It builds on the experiences of 2006 project and will be carried out in two phases during 2011-2012 and 2013–2015. In the first phase a needs assessment survey will be carried out in Regions 1 and 7 to identify specific energy needs and potential energy sources.Solar Home Light kits (GEA, MoFA)
In 2009 the Guyana Energy Agency and Office of Prime Minister in collaboration with Ministry of Amerindian Affairs provided 1000 portable solar light kits to 19 Villages in Regions 1,2,7,8 and 9. The kit consists of a 15W panel, a charge control cabinet containing a 20Ah battery and three 11W CFL light bulbs. In 2011 another 100 solar light kits were procured, with new design and LED light bulbs.Hinterland Electrification Programme, 11.000 Solar Home Systems (OP/OPM/GRIF 2011)
In 2011 GoG will invest more on distributed PV technology when 11.000 Solar Home Systems are being deployed to mostly Amerindian Hinterland and riverine communities as part of the . The systems will be equipped with maintenance-free AGM batteries. Due to delays in accessing funding by the the acquired equipment will be paid from the national treasury and the Government will seek retroactive financing.The project will also include training the communities to install and maintain their systems.
Eerepami Foundation Projects
This German foundation has carried out several renewable energy initiatives in Guyana. In Bina Hill and Shell Beach 1 kW PV systems have been installed, and the Bina Hill system will later be extended to 11 kW. In Annai and Agatash a set of 100 solar lights have been distributed. The foundation also encourages other hinterland activities and volunteering.Peace Corps Capacity Building
After identifying the lack of knowledge on PV technology the Peace Corps has initiated efforts to provide engineering support to specific locations in the Hinterland as well as prepare training for community volunteers in 2011. Support consisted of 2 volunteers stationed in Region 1 and Region 9.Mobile phone base stations in off-grid areas
Mobile operators are expanding their coverage to off-grid areas and thus require electricity for the base stations. As conventional diesel generators face maintenance and fuel cost issues and the price of PV equipment is declining, it is envisaged that mobile base stations will be powered by PV systems. Digicel has already installed PV power systems in the villages of Wakapau, Kwebana, Red Hill and Mathews Ridge. 58 miles and Mahdia Trail will get PV later in 2011, and Mahdia, Port Kaituma and Mabaruma in 2012. To support local communities and improve the mobile communication potential a phone charging service is provided to the communities free of charge.Private installations
Several private users and tourism businesses have installed renewable energy systems in the Hinterland. PV electricity, typically using diesel backup, is in use at least at Iwokrama Field Station, Surama Ecolodge, Gamell's Back Shop,Adel's Eco-Resort, Arrow Point and Karanambu.Amaila Falls Hydro Energy Power
The is not directly targeting energy needs in the Hinterland, but the plants remote location in Region 7 and the vast logistics of construction, access and transmission lines for the largest investment project in Guyana will be a significant development for the Hinterland. The designed electrical power is 165MW, which exceeds the national electricity demand. The project would offer the opportunity for Guyana to move from a nearly complete reliance on imported fuels to self-sufficiency in primary energy demand for electricity production.CREDP/GIZ
The Caricom Renewable Energy Development Programme is a joint project of CARICOM and the German International Cooperation GIZ, formerly GTZ, delivering technical expertise to renewable energy projects. CREDP seeks to remove barriers for the use of Renewable Energy and application of Energy Efficiency measures in the Caribbean Region. In Guyana, CREDP is currently providing technical support to a small hydro-power project in Kato, as well as a business in Georgetown in utilising PV.SIDS DOCK
The is a joint initiative of UNDP and the World Bank, developed in close consultation with the Alliance of Small Island States. This initiative aims to support Small Island Developing States to transition to low-emission economies through development and deployment of renewable energy resources and promotion of greater energy efficiency. An important component is the one-stop-shop function, facilitating SIDS's access to global financial flows, especially from the carbon market enabling them to fund transformational energy policies.The programme will be implemented over a period of 18 months, from July 2011 to December 2012. At present, funding of US$14.5 million has been mobilized from the Government of Denmark.
PV installations
Photovoltaic systems can be Solar Home Systems, installations for a specific application or community or mini-grids serving multiple users.Photovoltaic household systems
No public records exist on private solar home systems in use in Guyana. However, several development projects have comprising solar home system installations or portable systems for small lights etc. have been carried out in Hinterland villages. These projects typically use a one size fits all approach to serve a large number of beneficiaries.| Region | Village | Purpose | Responsible | Watts per unit | Units | Installed | PV system status in 2012 |
Photovoltaic community systems
Solar systems for community use or specific consumers are generally larger in size, and designed specifically to meet the electric load.| Region | Village | Purpose | Responsible | Watts per unit | Installed | Status in 2012 |
| 1 | Hobodeia | School | UAEP | 260 | 2008 | |
| 1 | Kwebana | GSM base station | Digicel | 1000-2000 | 2011 | |
| 1 | Mathews Ridge | GSM base station | Digicel | 1000-2000 | 2011 | |
| 1 | Port Kaituma | GSM base station | Digicel | 1000-2000 | 2012 | Not ready yet |
| 1 | Red Hill | School | UAEP | 260 | 2008 | |
| 1 | Red Hill | GSM base station | Digicel | 1000-2000 | 2011 | |
| 1 | Sebai | School | UAEP | 260 | 2008 | Functional |
| 1 | Shell Beach | Health Centre | Eerepami | 1000 | 2011 | Functional |
| 1 | Mabaruma | GSM base station | Digicel | 10,000 | 2011 | Fully Functional |
| 1 | Warapoka | Health Centre | 110 | 2007 | ||
| 1 | Waramuri | Public buildings | IAST | 2002 | ||
| 1 | Yarakita | School | UAEP | 250 | 2008 | Batteries dead, solar array partly missing |
| 2 | Bethany | Public buildings | IAST | 2002 | ||
| 2 | Capoey | School | UAEP | 250 | 2008 | |
| 2 | St Denys | School | UAEP | 260 | 2008 | |
| 2 | Wakapoa | GSM base station | Digicel | 10,000 | 2011 | |
| 2 | Wakapoa | Public buildings | IAST | 2002 | ||
| 3 | Agatash | Lamp recharging | Eerepami | 300? | 2011 | |
| 3 | Karia Karia | Health Centre | 110 | 2007 | ||
| 3 | Santa Aratuk | School | UAEP | 260 | 2008 | |
| 4 | St. Cuthberts Mission | Public buildings | IAST | 2002 | ||
| 5 | St Culbert | Pump | 1800 | 2006 | ||
| 6 | Orealla | Business | 2450 | 2009 | ||
| 6 | Orealla | Public buildings | IAST | 2002 | ||
| 7 | Imbamadai | Health Centre | 110 | 2008 | ||
| 7 | Jawalla | School | UAEP | 260 | ||
| 7 | Kamarang | Learning Centre | EFA FTI | 960 | 2011 | |
| 7 | Paruima | School | UAEP | 260 | ||
| 7 | Paruima | Business | 1008 | 2004 | ||
| 8 | Chenapou | School | UAEP | 260 | 2008 | |
| 8 | GRA | Office | 5000 | 2010 | ||
| 8 | Iwokrama | Field station use | Private | 2300 | 2008 | |
| 8 | Kaieteur | Business | 1272 | 2004 | ||
| 8 | Kato | Health Centre | 1008 | 2005 | ||
| 8 | Kurukubaru | School | UAEP | 250 | 2008 | |
| 8 | Mahdia | GSM base station | Digicel | 1000-2000 | 2012 | |
| 8 | Mahdia Trail | GSM base station | Digicel | 1000-2000 | 2011 | Not ready yet |
| 8 | Monkey Mountain | Health Centre | 110 | 2007 | ||
| 8 | Waipa | School | UAEP | 260 | 2008 | |
| 9 | Aishalton | Pump | 1800 | 2006 | Not Working | |
| 9 | Annai | Pump | 1272 | 2004 | ||
| 9 | Apoteri | Health Centre | 110 | 2007 | ||
| 9 | Bina Hill | Community use | Eerepami | 11000 | 2011 | Not installed yet |
| 9 | Karanambu | Lodge | Private | 500 | 2008 | OK |
| 9 | Karasabai | Pump | 1272 | 2004 | ||
| 9 | Kwaimatta | Pump | Panel Cracked | |||
| 9 | Kwaimatta | School | 250 | |||
| 9 | Maruranau | Community use | 1000 | 2011 | ||
| 9 | Massara | School | 250 | OK | ||
| 9 | Massara | Pump | OK | |||
| 9 | Sand Creek | School | UAEP | 260 | 2008 | |
| 9 | Sand Creek | Pump | 1800 | 2006 | ||
| 9 | Wowetta | Freezer in shop | GEA-CIDA | 260 | 2009 | OK |
| 9 | Wowetta | Pump | GEA-CIDA | 340 | 2009 | Pump out of order |
| 9 | Yupukari | School | UAEP | 260 | 2008 | |
| 9 | Yupukari | Pump | 1800 | 2006 | Not Working | |
| 9 | Yupukari | Caiman House | Private | 3900 | OK | |
| 9 | Yupukari | Pump Caiman H. | Private | OK | ||
| 10 | 58 Miles | GSM base station | Digicel | 1000-2000 | 2011 | Not ready yet |
| 10 | Moraikobai | Pump | 1272 | 2004 | ||
| 10 | Muritaro | School | UAEP | 250 | 2008 | |
| 10 | Rockstone | School | UAEP | 260 | 2008 |
Biofuels
Guyana has excellent potential for biofuels utilization. The Sugar factory in Skeldon has been modernized and a biocombustion plant has been built for producing electricity from bagasse. In recent years the has been investigating for combustion, and vegetable oils for biodiesel production, with large scale palm oil based production facilities in Wauna, Region 1. Furthermore, the development of a national Agro-Energy Policy has been reported, but information has not been updated since 2008.Biogas
The GEA reports small scale biogas production at 5 sites in Georgetown, Linden and Berbice, using mostly low-cost polyethylene-film tube digesters of plug-flow digesters. Many have been supported by IDB and the . Pay-back periods of 3–7 months have been reported. A similar digester has been built in Bina Hill, but this digester is currently not operational.Suppliers
Renewable energy equipment is available from several suppliers in Georgetown, some of which are listed below in alphabetical order:| Company | Products/Services |
| Eagle Resources Ltd | PV, Solar Water Heating, Wind and Micro-hydro power |
| Farfan & Mendes | PV, Solar Water Heating |
| Gafoors | PV, Solar Water Heating |
| Jerome Defreitas & Sons | PV |
| National Hardware | PV |
| Starr Computers | PV, Wind |
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