Hitotsubashi University
Hitotsubashi University is a national university specialized in the social sciences in Tokyo, Japan with about 4,500 undergraduate students and about 2,100 postgraduate students. The university has campuses in Kunitachi, Kodaira, and Chiyoda.
Established in 1875 by Arinori Mori, Hitotsubashi is considered the best in economics and commerce related subjects in Japan, consistently ranking amongst the top universities in Japanese university rankings. It was ranked 25th in the world in 2011 by.
Hitotsubashi has strong relationships with overseas universities. There are about 590 international students and 450 researchers from abroad under academic exchange agreements with 83 universities and research institutions, including University of Chicago, the University of Oxford and the University of California.
The university's symbol is inspired by Mercury, Roman mythology's god of commerce.
History
When founded by Arinori Mori in 1875, Hitotsubashi was called the Institute for Business Training, where it nurtured businessmen to modernize Japan after the collapse of the feudal Tokugawa Shōgunate. The last Shogun Tokugawa Yoshinobu, prior to the end of his reign, sent Eiichi Shibusawa to Europe during the 1860s, where he learned of their advanced banking and economic system and brought it back to modernize Japan. The school expanded gradually with the support of Eiichi Shibusawa and Takashi Masuda and other influential individuals. Shibusawa is regarded as the father of the modern Japanese economy. Eiichi Shibusawa and Tokugawa Yoshinobu's son, Tokugawa Iesato worked together to established a number of large business enterprises, as well as academic institutions and other social service agencies which still active today, while Masuda was the founder of Mitsui & Co., Ltd. Shogun Tokugawa Yoshinobu was the head of the Hitotsubashi family, and that may well be why in 1949, the school adopted the name of Hitotsubashi University.There were talks about a merger with The University of Tokyo, but alumni and students objected—the merger was not fulfilled. This is known as the "Shinyu Incident".
- 1875: Arinori Mori established Institute for Business Training at Ginza-owarichō, Tokyo.
- 1884: became a national school under the direct supervision of the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce of Japan, and changed its name to the Tokyo Commercial School.
- 1885: came under the control of the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan, and absorbed the Tokyo Foreign Language School. The school then relocated to the site of the latter institution in an education district called Hitotsubashi, Tokyo in the vicinity of the Imperial Palace.
- 1887: the status of the Tokyo Commercial School was raised to that of the Higher Commercial School.
- 1897: established affiliated institutions for foreign-language education.
- 1899: separated affiliated institutions for foreign-language education as Tokyo School of Foreign Languages.
- 1902: changed its name to the Tokyo Higher Commercial School due to the establishment of another such school in Kansai district.
- 1920: raised to and became the Tokyo College of Commerce.
- 1927: moved to Kunitachi and Kodaira, Tokyo, its present location, on account of the Great Kanto earthquake.
- 1944: changed its name to the Tokyo College of Industry under the order of the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan.
- 1947: changed its name back to the Tokyo College of Commerce.
- 1949: adopted the new system and the name of Hitotsubashi University through a student ballot, when the American education system was introduced as part of the postwar education reforms, and established Faculties of Commerce, Economics, and Law & Social Sciences.
- 1951: separated Faculty of Law & Social Sciences into Faculty of Law and Faculty of Social Science.
- 1996: established the Graduate School of Language and Society.
- 1998: established the Graduate School of International Corporate Strategy.
- 2004: established Law School due to the introduction of Law School system in Japan.
- 2005: established School of International and Public Policy.
Faculties and graduate schools
Undergraduate programs
- Commerce
- Economics
- Law
- Social Sciences
Graduate programs
- Commerce
- Economics
- Law
- Social Sciences
- Language and Society
- International Corporate Strategy
- International and Public Policy
Research institutes and centers
- Institute of Economic Research
- * Research Center for Information and Statistics of Social Science
- * Center for Economic Institutions
- * Center for Intergenerational Studies
- Research and Development Center for Higher Education
- Information and Communication Technology Center
- Center for Student Exchange
- International Joint Research Center
- Institute of Innovation Research
- Center for Historical Social Science Literature
Academic exchange agreements overseas
Academic rankings
Hitotsubashi University is considered as one of the most prestigious universities in Japan, consistently ranking amongst the top universities in Japanese university rankings. It is one of the highest ranked national universities that is not one of the National Seven Universities.Hitotsubashi is a specialized institution only in social science, thus it is not as well known as other big universities such as University of Tokyo and Kyoto University. Although it has only social science departments and the place in the university rankings is always underrated, the reputation is very high. Consequently, its outstanding position in Japan can be seen in the several rankings below.
General rankings
The university was ranked 7th out of 181 major universities in 2011 in the ranking called "Truly strong universities " by Toyo Keizai. In this ranking, Hitotsubashi is 1st in average graduate salary.According to QS World University Rankings, Hitotsubashi was ranked 314th, 314th, 420th, 378th and 365th in the world during 2005–2009. It has been ranked 114th, 101st, 99th and 178th during 2007–2010 in its social science ranking.
Research performance
The :ja:週刊ダイヤモンド|Weekly Diamond reported that Hitotsubashi has the 4th highest research standard in Japan in research funding per researcher in :ja:グローバルCOEプログラム|COE Program. In the same article, it is ranked seventh in quality of education by :ja:特色ある大学教育支援プログラム|GP funds per student.The economics department especially has a high research standard. According to the Asahi Shimbun, Hitotsubashi was ranked 4th in Japan in economic research during 2005–2009. More recently, Repec in January 2011 ranked Hitotsubashi's Economic Department as Japan's 5th best economic research university. Currently three researchers in Hitotsubashi are listed as top 10% economists in its world economist rankings. Hitotsubashi has provided seven presidents of the Japanese Economic Association in its 42-year history; this number is the second largest.
Asahi Shimbun summarized the amount of academic papers in Japanese major legal journals by university, and Hitotsubashi was ranked 7th during 2005–2009.
Graduate school rankings
Hitotsubashi Law School is considered as one of top law schools in Japan, as it was ranked No. 1 in the passing rate of Japanese Bar Examination in 2006, 2008 and 2009.Hitotsubashi Business School is ranked 2nd in Japan by Nikkei Shimbun.
Eduniversal ranked Japanese business schools and Hitotsubashi was ranked 3rd in Japan. In this ranking, Hitotsubashi is one of three Japanese business schools categorized in "Universal business schools with major international influence". It is one of the few Japanese business schools teaching in English.
Alumni rankings
Hitotsubashi alumni are distinctively successful in Japanese industries such as shown below.According to the :ja:エコノミスト |Weekly Economist 2010 rankings and the :ja:プレジデント社|President's article on October 16, 2006, graduates from Hitotsubashi have the best employment rate in 400 major companies; the average graduate salary is the second best in Japan. ranks Hitotsubashi University as 25th in the world in 2011 in the number of alumni listed among CEOs in the 500 largest worldwide companies, although Hitotsubashi is small compared to other Japanese universities in the ranks.
The university is ranked 8th in Japan for the number of alumni holding executive positions in the listed companies of Japan, and this number per student is 2nd in Japan.
Popularity and selectivity
Hitotsubashi is one of the most selective universities in Japan. Its entrance difficulty is usually considered as one of the top with University of Tokyo, Kyoto University and Tokyo Institute of Technology among 180 national and public universities.Japanese people call them as "tokyoikko" They are one of the most difficult universities for Japanese people to enter them. Universities in Japan are ranked based on a hensachi score. This tells how far from the statistical mean a typical student admitted to a university scores on a test. A score of 50 is at the mean. It is generally believed that the best universities have the highest hensachi score.These universities are ranked 1st to 4th place. So high school students have to get highest hensachi score to enter them.Notable faculty
- Tsuru Shigeto: ex-president
- J. Mark Ramseyer: ex-adjunct instructor, Mitsubishi professor of Japanese Legal Studies of Harvard Law School
- Ikujiro Nonaka: professor emeritus, director of Seven & I Holdings Co., director of Mitsui & Co.
- Kotaro Suzumura: professor emeritus
- Fumio Hayashi: professor, foreign honorary member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
- Takeshi Mizubayashi: professor of Graduate School of Law
- Irmela Hijiya-Kirschnereit: ex-professor, Faculty of Social Sciences
- Hirotaka Takeuchi: professor emeritus
- Joseph Schumpeter: visiting professor in 1931
Famous alumni
Politicians
- Shōzō Murata: ex-minister of Railways of Japan, ex-minister of Communications of Japan, president of Osaka Shosen Kaisha
- Baek Du-jin: ex-prime minister of South Korea, ex-speaker of National Assembly of South Korea
- Masayoshi Ōhira: 68th and 69th Prime Minister of Japan
- Michio Watanabe: ex-Vice Prime Minister of Japan, ex-Minister of Finance, ex-Foreign Minister of Japan
- Shinzō Ōya: ex-Ministry of Commerce and Industry, ex-Minister of Finance
- Zentaro Kosaka: ex-Minister for Foreign Affairs
- Kumakichi Nakajima: ex-Ministry of Commerce and Industry
- Koji Omi: ex-Minister of Finance
- Tetsuo Kondo: ex-Minister of Labour
- Shintarō Ishihara: author, ex-Governor of Tokyo, ex-Minister of Transportation
- Tsunei Kusunose: ex-Governor of Hiroshima Prefecture
- Yasuo Tanaka: author and former Governor of Nagano Prefecture
- Katsutoshi Kaneda: current Minister of Justice
- Naoki Minezaki:ex-Senior Vice Minister of the Ministry of Finance
- Shigeyuki Tomita: ex-State Secretary for Foreign Affairs of Japan, ex-Senior Vice Minister of the Ministry of Justice
- Hajime Seki: ex-mayor of Osaka City
- Taizō Mikazuki: current Governor of Shiga Prefecture, ex-Senior Vice-Minister of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
- Takashi Kawamura: current mayor of Nagoya City
- Rinchinnyamyn Amarjargal: ex-Prime Minister of Mongolia
- Zenjiro Kaneko: ex-Parliamentary Secretary for Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan
- Koichiro Ichimura: ex-Parliamentary Secretary for Land, Infrastructure and Transport of Japan
- Asahiko Mihara: ex-Parliamentary Vice‐Minister of Defense of Japan
- Yoshinori Suematsu:ex-Senior Vice-Minister of the Cabinet Office
- Sumiko Takahara:ex-chief of the Economic Planning Agency
Diplomats
- Kōichirō Asakai: Ex-Japan's ambassador to the United States
- Saburō Kurusu: Imperial Japan's Ambassador to Germany
- Naotake Satō: Ex-President of House of Councillors of Japan, Ex-Foreign Minister of Japan
- Toshikazu Kase: Japan's first Ambassador to the United Nations
- Mami Mizutori: Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Disaster Risk Reduction in the UNISDR
- Ichiro Komatsu: Ex-Director-General of the Cabinet Legislation Bureau, Ex-Japan's Ambassador to France
- Kenichi Itō: Ex-CEO of The Japan Forum on International Relations
- Makoto Taniguchi: Ex-Japan's Ambassador to the United Nations, Ex-Chairman of UNICEF
- Yukio Okamoto: Ddiplomatic advisor and analyst
Judges, bureaucrats
- Harumi Takahashi: current governor of Hokkaidō Prefecture
- Yoshihiro Yasuda: lawyer
Industry
- Fusanosuke Kuhara: industrialist, politician, founder of Kuhara Trading
- Masaru Hayami: Ex-Governor of the Bank of Japan, Ex-CEO of Nissho Iwai Corp.
- Kenkichi Kagami: Ex-chairman of Tokio Marine & Fire Insurance Co., Ltd., Ex-President of Mitsubishi Bank, Ltd.
- Rizaburo Toyoda: first President of Toyota Motor
- Kizo Yasui: former Chairman of Toray Industries, Inc., former vice-chairman of Nihon Keidanren
- Hiroshi Okuda: Ex-Chairman of Toyota Motor and Chairman of Nihon Keidanren
- Otogo Kataoka: first President of Nomura Securities Co., Ltd.
- Kunio Egashira: Ex-Chairman of Ajinomoto Co., Inc.
- Taikichiro Mori: founder of Mori Building
- Masaaki Tsuya: current CEO of Bridgestone Co., Inc.
- Hiroshi Mikitani: current CEO of Rakuten, Inc.
- Tatsumi Kimishima: current President of Nintendo, former CEO and Chairman of Nintendo of America
- Masatsugu Nagato: current CEO of Japan Post Holdings, former CEO of Japan Post Bank, former Chairman of Citibank Japan
- Noritoshi Kanai: Ex-Chairman of Mutual Trading Co., Inc.
Academia
- Tokuzō Fukuda: Economist
- Eiichi Sugimoto: Economist
- Ichiro Nakayama: Economist, President of the Tokyo College of Commerce, the first Chairman of The Tax Commission of Japan
- Heizō Takenaka: Economist, former Minister of State for Economic and Fiscal Policy of Japan, Professor at Keio University
- Hiroko Ōta: Economist, Professor of National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies, Ex-Minister of State for Special Missions of Japan
- Ryuzo Sato: Economist, C.V. Starr Professor of Economics at New York University
- Thomas T. Sekine: Economist, Professor at York University
- Takatoshi Ito: Economist, Professor of School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University, Ex-Deputy Vice Minister of Finance for International Affairs
- Kotaro Suzumura: Economist, Professor of School of Political Science and Economics, Waseda University, Ex-Professor of Hitotsubashi University
- Tran Van Tho: Economist, Professor of School of Social Sciences, Waseda University
- Takashi Hikino: Economist, Associate Professor of Graduate School of Economics, Kyoto University
- Yoshinori Fujikawa: Economist, Associate Vice President at Hitotsubashi University
- :zh:李茂生|Mau-sheng Lee: Professor of College of Law, National Taiwan University
- Hisashi Inoue: historian, Professor at Surugadai University
- David Toshio Tsumura: linguist, Old Testament scholar, Dean of Faculty and professor of Japan Bible Seminary
- Noriko H. Arai: mathematician, Professor at the National Institute of Informatics
Others
- Stephen Fumio Hamao: Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church
- Adebayo Alonge: Nigerian pharmacist
- Aya Domenig: filmmaker of Japanese–Swiss origin.
- Kiyoshi Nishimura: filmmaker
- Sumio Kobayashi: composer
- Seiichiro Kashio: athlete, Silver Medalist of men's tennis doubles in 1920 Summer Olympics
- Masaji Kiyokawa: athlete, Gold Medalist of backstroke in 1936 Summer Olympics, Ex-Vice Chairman of International Olympic Committee, Ex-CEO of Kanematsu Corp.
- Shinpei Mykawa: rice farmer who introduced rice farming to an area of Texas; he came from a college that became Hitotsubashi University
- Zenzo Shimizu: athlete, tennis player
- Hiroshi Nakano: rower
- Hyozo Omori: physical education specialist
- Kichimatsu Kishi: "Baron Kishi", oil developer in the U.S.
- George Shima: "The Potato King", the first President of the Japanese Association of America
- Futabatei Shimei: author, translator
- Kafū Nagai: author
- Christian Polak: author
- Takashi Hiraide: poet
- Wataru Yoshizumi: Manga artist
- Iō Kuroda: Manga artist
- Ken Ishii: musician
- Yoshiki Mizuno: musician, member of Ikimono-gakari
- Ichiro Yoshizawa: mountaineer
- Junpei Yasuda:journalist
- Riko Muranaka:medical doctor and journalist
- Yoshiharu Sekino: explorer
- Dan Weiss:former Head coach of the Tokyo Excellence
- Kenji Tokitsu: practitioner of Japanese martial arts
- Yasusato Gamō: educator
- Kenkichi Ueda: Imperial Japan's Governor-General of Kwantung