Honneurs de la Cour


The Honneurs de la Cour were ceremonious presentations to the sovereign at the Royal Court of France that were formal for women but more casual for men. It was an honour granted only to the families of ancient nobility. It allowed them to approach the King and the Queen of France.

Overview

The Honors of the Court "were the most prestigious noble honour of the 18th century, meant to honour the most ancient and representing noble families".
Formally such presentations were only granted to noble families able to prove a lineage dating back to 1400 A.D. without tracks of ennoblement. However, the king could grant exemptions to families that had been dedicated to serve him. He could also refuse a valid candidate with sufficient nobility whose family was not involved enough in the king's wars as nobles were primarily mounted warriors who had sworn allegiance to their sovereign and promised to fight for him. On a list of candidates he would then place a remark next to the name of the refused applicant saying "ne se peut" or "attendre".
The Honors of the Court should not be mistaken for court life. The oldest nobility did not always match the court nobility. Many families living at court were descendants from less ancient nobility while many nobles of antique nobility did not stay at court. Moreover, life at the Versailles Court was expensive and many were unable to afford it.
The nobleman who was granted the presentation would follow a royal hunt on board of one of the king's carriages. At that point he would be casually introduced to the king. A noblewoman's presentation was much more formal, taking place during a specific ceremony.
From 1715 to 1790, 942 families were granted the Honors of the Court; 880 of them were French. François Bluche, who studied the royal genealogical archives, said that among the 942 families "462 were able to prove a noble lineage dating back to 1400, if excluding sovereign houses and foreign nobles who, unlike one can think, made up more than half of the French nobleman received at Court". He has limited his work to a list of 43 Houses especially flattered by the King's archive, these 43 families are considered of major regional or national importance and members of the highest 18th century nobility.
According to Régis Valette only 280 of the 880 French families who were granted the Honors of the Court still remain today.

List of families who were granted the Honneurs de la Cour

The following table provides an incomplete list of families who were granted the Honors of the Court, including dates and sources. The ones listed by François Bluche, considered the most prominent French noble families of the 18th century, are marked with bold script.
NameDatesSources
d'Arenberg1749, 1767, 1771, 1774, 1776 et 1785Valette, Piot
de BéonBluche
de Bourbon-Busset1753, 1767, 1772 and 1773Valette, Piot
de Broglie1746, 1747, 1750, 1752, 1753, 1754, 1756, 1770, 1771, 1779, 1782, 1785 and 1786Valette, Piot
de Butler and de Butler d'Ormond1747Valette, Piot
de Chabannes1759, 1760, 1782, 1784 and 1787Bluche, Valette
de Chabot1778Valette
de Chastellux1765, 1768, 1773 and 1787Bluche, Piot, Valette
de Choiseul1733Bluche, Valette
de Clermont-Tonnerre 12 timesBluche, Valette
de Croismare1775, 1783, 1785De Magny, M.
de Colbert1748, 1758, 1759, 1763, 1764, 1768, 1770, 1772, 1778, 1782 and 1787Valette
de Coucy1776Bluche, Jougla
de CroÿValette
Diesbach de Belleroche1773Valette, Piot
de Drée1782 and 1783Valette, Piot
de Durfort and de Durfort-Civracbefore 1732, and 22 times between 1737 and 1788Bluche, Valette, Piot
d'Estaing1784 and 1785Bluche
de Faucigny-Lucinge1785 and 1787Valette, Piot
de Ficquelmont1777 and 1789Bluche, Valette
de Foucauld 1765, 1769 and 1788Valette, Piot
de Gironde1770 and 1779Valette
de Gontaut-BironBluche, Valette
de GouffierBluche
de GramontValette
d'HarcourtValette
d'HarvilleValette
de la Croix de Castries1744, 1753, 1776 and 1786Valette
de La RochefoucauldBluche, Valette
de Las CasasdatesValette
de La TremoïlleBluche
de MancinidatesPauchet
de MérodedatesValette
de MontaigudatesValette
de MontalembertdatesValette
de Montesquiou-FezensacdatesValette
de MontmorencyBluche, Valette
de NoaillesBluche, Valette
de PolignacBluche, Valette
de Rochechouart, de Rochechouart de Mortemart1732, 1738, 1751, 1752, 1756, 1757, 1764, 1772, 1773, 1774, 1776, 1779, 1780 and 1783Bluche, Valette
de RohanBluche
de RougédatesValette
de SabranBluche
de SadedatesValette
de SégurdatesValette
de VogüédatesValette