In the early 20th century, there was a need for a specialised hospital in Lisbon dedicated to the care of infectious diseases. Up until the end of the previous century, contagious diseases were treated in the general Saint Joseph's Hospital, until 1892, when the vacant Convent of Our Lady of Nazareth in Arroios was repurposed as the Arroios Hospital, an isolation hospital for smallpox and consumptive diseases. However, the old convent was not entirely adequate for the task, and a new specialised hospital was built as a series of 22 modern pavilions holding more than 700 beds. The place chosen for it was a vacant plot of land that had originally belonged to an old Franciscan nunnery, the Convent of Our Lady of Sorrows, in the neighbourhood of Rego, in the Avenidas Novas area of Lisbon that was developing at the time as the city expanded north. The creation of this new hospital was only possible through the personal involvement of Prime MinisterHintze Ribeiro and a substantial grant from Caixa Geral de Depósitos, the largest Portuguese public banking corporation. Construction concluded in December 1904 and the first patients, transferred from Arroios Hospital, were admitted in January 1906. Rego Hospital, as it was soon after known, was renamed Curry Cabral Hospital in 1929, as a homage to its founder, José Curry da Câmara Cabral, Medical Director of the city's general hospital, who had long advocated the establishment of a specialised hospital for communicable diseases. From its inception, Curry Cabral Hospital became a part of the city's hospital centre, then collectively known as "Saint Joseph's Hospital and Annexes" and from 1913, called the "Civil Hospitals of Lisbon", nowadays the Central Lisbon University Hospital Centre. In July 1978, when the Regulation of the Civil Hospitals of Lisbon was issued, Curry Cabral Hospital changed its vocation from a specialised hospital for infectious diseases to a general hospital, with administrative autonomy from 1989 onwards. In the late 1990s, the hospital's infrastructure, virtually unchanged since its inception nearly a century prior, was showing signs of obvious deterioration and underwent much-needed modernisation. In 2019, Curry Cabral Hospital became the first hospital in the National Health Service to be endowed with a robotically assisted surgical system, donated by the Aga Khan Foundation. In 2020, during the containment phase of the coronavirus pandemic, Curry Cabral Hospital was one of the three first-line referral hospitals for the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19; multiple other second-line hospitals were later activated throughout the country, until mitigation phase.
