Hydnophytum Hydnophytum is a genus of epiphytic myrmecophytes native to Southeast Asia , the Pacific region and also extending into Queensland in northern Australia. The name is derived from the Ancient Greek hydnon "tuber", and phyton "plant", after their appearance with their swollen succulent stems. The species grow in tree branches and on trunks. Like the related genus Myrmecodia , they are known as antplants or ant-house plants. The type species is Hydnophytum formicarum from the Philippines. The genus contains 55 species, of which 44 are found in and around the island of New Guinea . Many are poorly known, with 11 known only from the holotype . They form a symbiotic relationship with ants . Ant plants provide habitats for ant colonies high up into the forest canopy , protecting them from the elements and also predators because of the spines. Hollow, smooth-walled tunnels form within the caudex with external entrance holes, providing an above-ground home for ant colonies. Ants likewise provide defense for the plant and prevent tissue damage, swarming to defend their home if disturbed. Ant colonies also provide nutrients to the plants by leaving wastes within the tunnels inside the caudex. Special glands lining the tunnels then absorb nutriment for the plant. This symbiosis allows the plants to effectively gather nutrients from a much larger area than the roots ever could cover. These plants can be grown in cultivation without the ant species being present. Two species seen occasionally in cultivation are Hydnophytum ferrugineum from the McIlwraith Ranges east of Coen on the Cape York Peninsula , and H. moseleyanum , also from Cape York . The former has a spiny swollen trunk while the latter has a smooth one.Hydnophytum is one of five ant-plant genera in the family Rubiaceae , the others being Anthorrhiza , Myrmecodia , Myrmephytum , and Squamellaria .Species The following list, which includes more than 90 species, is based on The Plant List and likely includes many synonyms. Matthew Jebb and Camilla Huxley recognise only 55 species in the genus.Hydnophytum agatifolium ValetonHydnophytum albense ValetonHydnophytum albertisii Becc.Hydnophytum alboviride Merr. & L.M.PerryHydnophytum amboinense Becc.Hydnophytum amplifolium S.MooreHydnophytum andamanense Becc.Hydnophytum angustifolium Merr.Hydnophytum archboldianum Merr. & L.M.PerryHydnophytum borneanum Becc.Hydnophytum brachycladum Merr.Hydnophytum bracteatum ValetonHydnophytum brassii S.MooreHydnophytum buxifolium Merr. & L.M.PerryHydnophytum caminiferum Wistuba, U.Zimm., Gronem. & MarwinskiHydnophytum camporum S.MooreHydnophytum capitatum ValetonHydnophytum confertifolium Merr. & L.M.PerryHydnophytum contortum Merr. & L.M.PerryHydnophytum cordifolium ValetonHydnophytum coriaceum Becc.Hydnophytum costatum DrakeHydnophytum crassicaule P.RoyenHydnophytum crassifolium Becc.Hydnophytum cuneatum ValetonHydnophytum decipiens Merr. & L.M.PerryHydnophytum dipteropodum ValetonHydnophytum dolichophyllum ValetonHydnophytum ellipticum Merr. & L.M.PerryHydnophytum ferrugineum P.I.Forst.Hydnophytum forbesii Hook.f.Hydnophytum formicarum JackHydnophytum grandiflorum Becc.Hydnophytum grandifolium ValetonHydnophytum guppyanum Becc.Hydnophytum hahlii Rech.Hydnophytum hellwigii Warb.Hydnophytum heterophyllum Merr. & L.M.PerryHydnophytum inerme Bremek.Hydnophytum intermedium ElmerHydnophytum kajewskii Merr. & L.M.PerryHydnophytum kejense Becc.Hydnophytum kelelense ValetonHydnophytum kochii ValetonHydnophytum lanceolatum Miq.Hydnophytum laurifolium Warb.Hydnophytum lauterbachii ValetonHydnophytum ledermannii ValetonHydnophytum leytense Merr.Hydnophytum linearifolium ValetonHydnophytum longiflorum A.GrayHydnophytum longipes Merr. & L.M.PerryHydnophytum longistylum Becc.Hydnophytum loranthifolium Becc.Hydnophytum lucidulum ValetonHydnophytum macrophyllum Warb.Hydnophytum magnifolium Merr. & L.M.PerryHydnophytum membranaceum Merr.Hydnophytum microphyllum Becc.Hydnophytum mindanaense ElmerHydnophytum mindorense Merr.Hydnophytum montis-kani ValetonHydnophytum moseleyanum Becc.Hydnophytum myrtifolium Merr. & L.M.PerryHydnophytum nigrescens Merr. & L.M.PerryHydnophytum nitidum Merr.Hydnophytum normale Becc.Hydnophytum oblongum Becc.Hydnophytum orbiculatum ElmerHydnophytum ovatum Miq.Hydnophytum papuanum Becc.Hydnophytum parvifolium ValetonHydnophytum petiolatum Becc.Hydnophytum philippinense Becc.Hydnophytum punamense Lauterb.Hydnophytum radicans Becc.Hydnophytum ramispinum Merr. & L.M.PerryHydnophytum robustum Rech.Hydnophytum selebicum Becc.Hydnophytum simplex Becc.Hydnophytum spathulatum ValetonHydnophytum stenophyllum ValetonHydnophytum stewartii FosbergHydnophytum subfalcifolium ValetonHydnophytum subnormale K.Schum.Hydnophytum subrotundum ValetonHydnophytum subsessile ValetonHydnophytum sumatranum Becc.Hydnophytum tetrapterum Becc.Hydnophytum tortuosum Becc.Hydnophytum vaccinifolium P.RoyenHydnophytum virgatum ValetonHydnophytum vitis-idaea Merr. & L.M.PerryHydnophytum wilkinsonii Horne ex BakerHydnophytum zippelianum Becc.
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