Hypothetical star


A hypothetical star is a star, or type of star, that is speculated to exist but has yet to be definitively observed. Hypothetical types of stars have been conjectured to exist, have existed or will exist in the future universe.

Types

Scientifically speculated hypothetical types include:
TypeDescriptionCandidatesNotesRefs
BlitzarPulsar with enough mass to suddenly collapse into a black hole when the rotation speed slows.
Blue dwarfConjectured to develop after a red dwarf has exhausted most of its hydrogen.The universe is not old enough for this form to come into existence.
Black dwarfThe final state for a star, like the Sun, that is too small to become either a black hole or a neutron star. It would take a star like our Sun roughly a quadrillion years to reach this state, so none are believed to exist today.The universe is not old enough for this form to come into existence.
Black starA star predicted in semiclassical gravity which collapses into a black hole state but has neither a gravitational singularity nor an event horizon.none
Boson starA star or astronomical object made of bosons, such as photons or gluons, rather than conventional matter.none
Dark energy starA conjectured alternative to a black hole.none
Dark matter starConjectured to have existed early in the universe.none
Dark starA theoretical construct based on Newtonian gravitation, of a star with gravity so strong that even light cannot escape.This form cannot exist, as Newtonian gravitation breaks down under these conditions. It is a disproved hypothesis
Electroweak starA star where gravitational collapse is prevented by radiation pressure resulting from electroweak burning. In this type of star, quarks are converted to leptons via the electroweak interaction. The star would be hand-sized, containing perhaps two earth masses, and might follow from the collapse of a quark star.none
Frozen starA very low-mass star with a surface temperature of only around 273 kelvins that could form in the far future, when the metallicity of the interstellar medium is several times the current one.The universe is not old enough for this form to come into existence.
FuzzballA formulation of black holes in string theory.none
GravastarAn alternative to a black hole that denies the possibility of a singularity.none
Hyperon starA massive neutron star containing hyperons.PSR J0348+0432
Iron starA final state for a star in the far future of the universe, when all matter is transmuted to iron via quantum tunnelling.The universe is not old enough for this form to come into existence.
Magnetospheric eternally collapsing objectA hypothetical alternative to black holes.Q0957+561
Planck starA star where the energy density is around the Planck density.none
Population III starThe very earliest stars, virtually free of metals, believed to have existed in the early universe when the only common elements were primordial hydrogen and helium.none
Preon starA star with a core composed of preons.none
Q star A compact, heavy neutron star with an exotic state of matter where most light does not escape the star.V404 Cygni
Quark starStar composed of quark matter or strange matter.3C 58, PSR B0943+10, XTE J1739-285
Quasi-starA conjectured star from the early universe with a black hole at its center.none
Strange starA form of quark star, a neutron star with strange matter at its core, or star which is a ball of strange matter.none
Thorne–Żytkow objectA red giant or red supergiant whose core is a neutron star.U Aquarii, HV 2112
White holeThe polar opposite of a black hole, it ejects matter from its core into space.GRB 060614

Specific stars

Specific hypothetical stars include:
StarDescriptionNotesRefs
Nemesisa star proposed as a companion to the Sun by Richard A. Muller in 1984
3 Cassiopeiaea star recorded by astronomer John Flamsteed, but never seen again
34 Tauria star recorded by John Flamsteed later revealed to have been the planet Uranus