In Germanic mythology, an idis is a divine female being. Idis is cognate to Old High Germanitis and Old Englishides, meaning 'well-respected and dignified woman.' Connections have been assumed or theorized between the idisi and the North Germanic dísir; female beings associated with fate, as well as the amended place name Idistaviso.
In line 1259 of the Old English poem Beowulf, Grendel's Mother is introduced as an ides:
Theories
The idisi mentioned in the first Merseburg Incantation are generally considered to be valkyries. Rudolf Simek says that "these Idisi are obviously a kind of valkyrie, as these also have the power to hamper enemies in Norse mythology" and points to a connection with the valkyrie name Herfjötur. Hilda Ellis Davidson compares the incantation to the Old English Wið færstice charm, and theorizes a similar role for them both. Simek says that the West Germanic term Idisi refers to a "dignified, well respected woman, possibly a term for any woman, and therefore glosses exactly Latin matrona" and that a link to the North Germanic term dísir is reasonable to assume, yet that it is not undisputed. In addition, the place name Idisiaviso where forces commanded by Arminius fought those commanded by Germanicus at the Battle of the Weser River in 16 CE. Simek points to a connection between name Idisiaviso, the role of the Idisi in one of the two Merseburg Incantations, and valkyries. . Regarding the dísir, Simek states that Old Norsedís appears commonly as simply a term for 'woman,' just as Old High German itis, Old Saxonidis, and Anglo-Saxon ides, and may have also been used to denote a type of goddess. According to Simek, "several of the Eddic sources might lead us to conclude that the disir were valkyrie-like guardians of the dead, and indeed in GuðrúnarkviðaI 19 the valkyries are even called Herjans disir 'Odin's disir'. The disir are explicitly called dead women in Atlamál 28 and a secondary belief that the disir were the souls of dead women also underlies the landdísir of Icelandic folklore." Simek says that "as the function of the matrons was also extremely varied – fertility goddess, personal guardians, but also warrior-goddesses – the belief in the dísir, like the belief in the valkyries, norns, and matrons, may be considered to be different manifestations of a belief in a number of female goddesses." Jacob Grimm proposes a potential connection to the name of the Norse goddessIðunn and the idisi. Grimm states that "with the original form idisthe goddess Idunn may possibly be connected."
