Anya's father is a Nigerian research scientist of the Igbo ethnic group and his mother a Romanian economist. The couple met while studying in Bucharest. After finishing their studies, his parents moved to Scotland in the late 1980s for his father to obtain his doctorate in metallurgy. Anya was born in Glasgow, Scotland and spent his early childhood in the Castlemilk area. His mother, Mariana, states that as a very young boy Anya "was kicking a ball in front of the house where he grew up in Glasgow from morning till night." The family moved to Oxford when he was seven years old after his father got a job at the University of Oxford. Anya maintained his fondness for Scotland, stating that whenever Scotland played England he would cheer "Come on Scotland". His older brother, Chima, is a medical doctor.
Club career
Wycombe Wanderers
Anya joined the Wycombe Wanderers youth team in the 2003–04 season, having been released by Oxford United. His performances in the youth team ensured that he was well talked about within the club, enough that he was given the number 28 shirt by then manager Tony Adams for the match at Southend United on 11 September 2004, becoming the club's youngest ever player at the age of 16. Like Russell Martin, he committed his short-term future to the club, signing a two-year deal in June 2005 and whilst at Wycombe won Apprentice of the Year at the inaugural Football League Awards in 2006.
On 28 February 2009, Anya signed for League One side Northampton Town. He made his debut as coming on as a substitute in the game away to Cheltenham Town on the same day. His first goal for the club came as part of a 3–4 defeat against Swindon Town on 24 March. His second goal came in the 92nd minute of the 3–1 victory at Leyton Orient, his goal wrapping up a victory in the fight against relegation for Northampton which they eventually lost.
Spain
Northampton manager Stuart Gray was keen to re-sign Anya on a long-term deal at the end of the season, but on 7 July 2009, he joined Sevilla Atlético, the reserve side of Sevilla, on a two-year contract. Anya signed for Celta Vigo in July 2010 after his contract with the Glenn Hoddle Academy expired. On 13 July 2011, Anya signed a three-year contract with newly promoted La Liga side Granada. He was then loaned out to Cádiz for the season.
Watford
Anya was loaned to English side Watford for the 2012–13 season. He made his Watford debut as a substitute in the home defeat against Ipswich Town on 21 August 2012. He made his first start and scored his first goal for the club in the home defeat to Bradford City in the second round of the League Cup on 28 August 2012. Anya scored his first league goal for Watford against Blackpool in a 2–2 draw on 24 November 2012. On 22 July 2013, Anya completed a permanent move to Watford, signing a three-year deal. He extended his contract following Watford's promotion to the Premier League in 2015, and was contracted to the club until his move to Derby County on transfer deadline day in August 2016.
Derby County
On 31 August 2016, Anya signed a four-year contract with Derby County. Anya scored his first goal for the club in a 1–1 draw with Bristol City on 17 September 2016.
International career
Anya chose to play international football for Scotland, the land of his birth, but would also have been eligible for England, Nigeria or Romania. He received his first call up to the Scotland national team on 23 August 2013 for Scotland's World Cup qualifying double header in September against Belgium and Macedonia. He made his debut for Scotland against Belgium as a substitute on the hour mark on 6 September 2013 in a World Cup qualifying match, although Scotland were already unable to qualify for the final tournament. He made his first start and scored his first international goal in the following game, a 2–1 win in Macedonia on 10 September. On 7 September 2014 he scored against the world championsGermany in the first match of UEFA Euro 2016 qualification in Dortmund, Scotland lost 2–1.