Illinois's 2nd congressional district
Illinois's 2nd congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Illinois. Based in the south suburbs of Chicago, the district includes southern Cook county, eastern Will county, and Kankakee county, as well as the city of Chicago's far southeast side.
2011 redistricting
The district covers parts of Cook and Will counties and all of Kankakee, as of the 2011 redistricting which followed the 2010 census. All or parts of Bradley, Bourbonnais, Calumet City, Chicago, Chicago Heights, Country Club Hills, Dolton, Harvey, Hazel Crest, Homewood, Kankakee, Lansing, Markham, Matteson, Park Forest, Richton Park, Riverdale, Sauk Village, Steger and Thornton are included. The representatives for these districts were elected in the 2012 primary and general elections, and the boundaries became effective on January 3, 2013.Composition
Illinois's 2nd Congressional District is adjacent to the 1st Congressional District to the north and west, the 11th Congressional District to the south, and Indiana's 1st Congressional District to the east. The district's northeast border follows Lake Michigan's shoreline for several miles. The district was created following the 1830 U.S. Census and came into existence in 1833, five months before Chicago was organized as a town. The 2nd Congressional District initially included Southeastern Illinois until 1853 and stretches of Northern Illinois until 1873. It has been based in Chicago since 1853, and part of the southeast side since 1903. Redistricting following the 2000 U.S. Census placed a majority of the district's population outside Chicago for the first time in 100 years, and moved the district's borders beyond Cook County for the first time since 1873.As in the neighboring 1st District, a majority of this district's residents are African American. The district has been reliably Democratic since the 1960s; it has been in Democratic hands for all but two terms since 1935, and last elected a Republican to Congress in 1950. Democratic congressional candidates regularly receive over 80% of the vote here. It has been held by black representatives since 1981.
Demographics
The southeast side of Chicago was for many decades the home of numerous Eastern European and Irish immigrants who sought the industrial work of the steel mills and railroad companies which were then dominant in the area. However, as local industry declined in the 1950s and 1960s, these groups were increasingly displaced by African Americans who were gradually migrating southward from other parts of the city. Whereas barely 20% of district residents were black in the 1960s, this figure increased to 70% by the 1980s, and by the 1990s the racial demographics of the 1st and 2nd Congressional Districts were very similar. At the same time, decreasing population in the district required expanding its borders into the suburbs, and it is now nearly three times the size it was in the 1980s, when it covered only.Following redistricting for the 2000s, 59% of the 2nd Congressional District's population resides in the suburbs, with a total of 98.4% living in Cook County. The district's white population now primarily resides in the southern suburbs and a few far southeastern Chicago neighborhoods such as East Side and Hegewisch.
Several suburbs closer to Chicago near Interstate 57 have black populations exceeding 75%: Calumet Park, Country Club Hills, Dolton, Harvey, Hazel Crest, Markham, Matteson, Phoenix, Richton Park, Riverdale, and University Park. In contrast, there are five suburbs further southeast with white populations exceeding 75% - Homewood, Lansing, South Chicago Heights, Steger and Thornton - although they surround Ford Heights,
with a population of only about 2800 the district's most racially one-sided population. Chicago Heights features the most even racial mix, with a population that is 45% white and 38% black. The district's largest white ethnic groups are German, Irish, Polish and Italian, similar to other districts in southern Cook County.
Hispanics represent 10% of the district's population, with sizable communities in East Side and Chicago Heights. Chicago's South Shore neighborhood was the longtime home to a Jewish community which has since migrated to suburbs such as Homewood and Flossmoor . South Shore is now primarily a middle-class black community and is also home to a notable minority of Black Muslims including the national headquarters of the Nation of Islam, Mosque Maryam.
The district includes some sharp economic disparities. Olympia Fields, Country Club Hills and Matteson are suburbs with black majority populations, but Ford Heights is one of the most impoverished places in the United States, with a median household income of just $17,500 in 2000 - less than 42% of the national average. It is home to more single mothers per capita than anyplace else in the country.
Economy
The 2nd Congressional District was, for most of the 20th century, a thriving center of heavy industry centered around Lake Calumet and the Port of Chicago, augmented by the nearby railroad industry which had the Pullman Company as its centerpiece. The steel industry was a major component, with U.S. Steel at one time employing 20,000 district residents, but the Wisconsin Steelworks in South Deering closed in March 1980, and U.S. Steel's South Works plant in South Chicago - source of the steel for Chicago skyscrapers including the Sears Tower - was closed in April 1992; both have since been dismantled. Virtually the last remnant of the industry in the area is ISG Riverdale, which began a shutdown in 2001 before being sold and restructured as a smaller company. The most significant remaining industrial presence in the district is now the Ford Motor Company, which operates the Chicago Assembly plant on the border between South Deering and Hegewisch, as well as the Chicago Stamping facility in Chicago Heights. Like the 1st District, the area is struggling to overcome economic downturns in recent decades.Local educational institutions include Governors State University in University Park, Chicago State University in Roseland, Prairie State College in Chicago Heights, South Suburban College in South Holland and Olive-Harvey College, a Chicago city college, in Pullman. The University of Chicago is directly west of the district's northern end. Hospitals in the district include Ingalls Memorial Hospital in Harvey, Advocate South Suburban Hospital in Hazel Crest, St. James Hospitals in Chicago Heights and Olympia Fields, Advocate Trinity Hospital in Calumet Heights, La Rabida Children's Hospital in Woodlawn, South Shore Hospital in South Chicago and Roseland Community Hospital in Roseland.
The Museum of Science and Industry is located almost at the district's northern tip. Various areas of the Cook County Forest Preserves are scattered throughout the suburban part of the district, particularly in the area northeast of Chicago Heights. Other notable business and industrial presences in the district include Jays Foods, a manufacturer of snack foods based in Pullman; the Norfolk Southern Railway; Allied Tube and Conduit, a piping and electrical manufacturer in Harvey ; and UGN Inc., an automotive soundproofing manufacturer in Chicago Heights .
Federal facilities in the district include Coast Guard Station Calumet Harbor in East Side and the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Army Reserve Center, home of the 308th Civil Affairs Brigade, in Homewood.
In addition to the Jackson Park Historic Landscape District and the Museum of Science and Industry's, district locations on the National Register of Historic Places include:
- AVR 661, South Deering
- Bloom Township High School, Chicago Heights
- Calumet Park, East Side
- Flamingo-on-the-Lake Apartments, Hyde Park
- Flat Iron Building, Chicago Heights
- Ford Airport Hangar, Lansing
- Hotel Del Prado, Hyde Park
- Jeffery-Cyril Historic District, South Shore
- Lake-Side Terrace Apartments, South Shore
- Allan Miller House, South Shore
- Olympia Fields Country Club, Olympia Fields
- Pacesetter Gardens Historic District, Riverdale
- Palmer Park, Roseland
- Promontory Apartments, Hyde Park
- Pullman Historic District National Historic Landmark, Pullman
- Shoreland Hotel, Hyde Park
- South Shore Beach Apartments, South Shore
- South Shore Country Club, South Shore
- Trumbull Park, South Deering
Recent election results from statewide races
List of members representing the district
Election results
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2013 (Special)
2014
2016
2018
2020
History of district boundaries
The total number of representatives allotted to Illinois during each period follows the years in parentheses; boundaries went into effect beginning with the previous year's elections:- 1833–1843 : The district included nineteen counties in eastern and southeastern Illinois: Clark, Clay, Coles, Crawford, Edgar, Edwards, Effingham, Fayette, Hamilton, Jasper, Jefferson, Lawrence, Marion, Montgomery, Shelby, Vermilion, Wabash, Wayne and White counties.
- 1843–1853 : The district was reduced in size and slightly shifted to take in fifteen counties in southeastern Illinois: Edwards, Franklin, Gallatin, Hamilton, Hardin, Jefferson, Johnson, Marion, Massac, Pope, Pulaski, Wabash, Wayne, White and Williamson counties.
- 1853–1863 : The district was relocated to cover seven counties stretching across the northern part of the state: Cook, DeKalb, DuPage, Kane, Lee, Rock Island and Whiteside counties.
- 1863–1873 : The district now included six counties to the north and west of Cook County: Boone, DeKalb, Kane, Lake, McHenry and Winnebago counties.
- 1873–1883 : The district now became a portion of Cook County, and included the part of Chicago's west side between the North Branch of the Chicago River and 16th Street; the city's western boundary was then Western Avenue from the river to North Avenue, and Crawford Avenue from North to 16th.
- 1883–1895 : The district now included parts of Chicago's west and southwest sides. On the west side, it included the area between 12th Street on the north and the river and Illinois and Michigan Canal on the south, as well as a small area north of 12th Street near the river; the western boundary was still Crawford Avenue. South of the river and canal, the district included the area between 16th Street on the north, Clark Street on the east, 39th Street on the south and Western Avenue on the west. Illinois gained two additional representatives following the 1890 Census, but they were elected on an at-large basis for the 1893–1895 term before redistricting occurred, and the previous decade's districting remained in effect.
- 1895–1903 : The district now included the twelve townships comprising western Cook County, as well as the part of Chicago's west side bordered on the east by Crawford Avenue from North Avenue to 12th Street, Wood Street from 12th to the canal, Western from the canal to 39th, and State Street from 39th to 63rd Streets; also included was the area north of 12th to Taylor Street between Campbell Avenue and Wood.
- 1903–1949 : The district began to take its modern form, and included the part of Chicago south of 43rd Street having as its western boundary State Street from 43rd to 99th Streets, Stewart Avenue from 99th to 103rd, Halsted Street from 103rd to 111th, Peoria Street from 111th to 115th, and Ashland Avenue from 115th to the city line. Illinois's districts were not redrawn until 1947, taking effect for the 1948 elections.
- 1949–1963 : The district was reduced in size, and now included that part of Chicago bounded on the north by Marquette Road, South Chicago Avenue and Pershing Road, and on the west by State Street, Indiana Avenue and South Park. The southern boundary was formed by 95th Street from South Park to the eastern boundary of the Burnside community, following that northwest to 87th Street, and then 87th to Jeffery Boulevard, South Chicago Avenue from Jeffery to 85th Street, 85th to Baltimore Avenue, following that south to 87th, and 87th Street to the lake. The same boundaries were maintained in the redistricting after 1950.
- 1963–1967 : The district was again expanded to the south, and included that part of Chicago south of 46th Street bounded on the west by Cottage Grove, Stony Island Avenue, State Street, Wentworth Avenue and Halsted.
- 1967–1973 : There was additional redistricting in Illinois which took effect for the 1967–1969 term. The 2nd District kept all of its previous territory except for a small area between 46th and 47th Streets near the lake, and added all of Calumet Township. It also added those portions of Thornton Township east of the Calumet Expressway as far south as 159th Street, and north of the Calumet River from 159th to the state line, as well as those parts of Dolton north of Sibley Boulevard bordered on the west by Lincoln Avenue from the Chicago city line to Irving Avenue and by Irving from there to Sibley.
- 1973–1983 : The district was pulled back within the Chicago city limits, and included: the communities of East Side, Hegewisch, Riverdale, South Chicago, South Deering and West Pullman; the part of South Shore bordered on the north by 75th Street, 73rd Street and 71st Street ; those parts of Avalon Park and Calumet Heights east of Stony Island; those parts of Roseland and Pullman bordered on the north by 99th Street and 103rd Street ; those parts of Beverly and Morgan Park east of Western Avenue; Washington Heights except for the portion northeast of 95th and Halsted; the part of Auburn Gresham west of Halsted; the part of Englewood southwest of 71st and Halsted; West Englewood except for the portion northeast of Marquette Road and Loomis Boulevard; the part of Chicago Lawn northeast of 63rd and California Avenue; and the part of Gage Park southeast of 55th and Western.
- 1983–1993 : The district was again extended into the suburbs. It now included the Chicago communities of East Side, Hegewisch, Riverdale, West Englewood and West Pullman, the part of South Shore southeast of 73rd and Yates, the parts of South Chicago and Calumet Heights east of Yates, South Deering except the portion northwest of 103rd and Yates, the parts of Roseland and Pullman south of 103rd, the eastern half of Morgan Park, the parts of Auburn Gresham and Washington Heights west of Halsted, almost all of Englewood west of Halsted, and the part of Chicago Lawn between 63rd and 69th Streets east of Western. The district included Calumet Township except for those parts of Blue Island and Calumet Park northwest of the railroad running from 123rd and Laflin to the western township line. The district also included the portion of Thornton Township bordered on the south by 167th Street from the western township line to the eastern edge of Hazel Crest, 171st Street from the Hazel Crest boundary to Halsted, 167th from Halsted to Indiana Avenue, Sibley Boulevard from Indiana Avenue to Torrence Avenue, East State Street from Torrence to the railroad 1/4 mile east, 154th Street from the railroad to Freeland Avenue, and 155th Street from Freeland to the state line.
- 1993–2003 : The district now included the Chicago communities of Riverdale and West Pullman; the part of South Shore southeast of 71st and Yates; the parts of South Chicago and Calumet Heights east of Yates; the part of South Deering southwest of 103rd and Yates except for the portion east of the Calumet River, as well as the area between Yates and Torrence Avenue from 95th Street extended south to 116th Street; the part of Hegewisch west of the Calumet River; the parts of Roseland and Pullman south of 103rd Street; most of Morgan Park east of Longwood Drive; the part of Beverly southeast of 103rd and Prospect Avenue; the parts of Auburn Gresham and Washington Heights west of Halsted; the part of Englewood southwest of 63rd and Halsted; and the part of West Englewood south of 63rd Street. The district also included all of Calumet Township, as well as parts of Bloom, Bremen, Rich, Thornton and Worth Townships.
- 2003–present : See map and [|geography] above. For a more detailed map, see the Census Bureau map [|linked below].
Presidential voting
| Election | District winner | Runnerup | Other candidates |
| 1852 | PIERCE†, 8,021 | Scott, 5,882 | Hale, 2,500 |
| 1856 | Frémont, 21,556 | BUCHANAN†, 9,843 | Fillmore, 966 |
| 1860 | LINCOLN†, 30,856 | Douglas, 16,993 | Bell, 192 ; Breckinridge, 128 |
| 1864 | LINCOLN†, 18,305 | McClellan, 5,231 | |
| 1868 | GRANT†, 20,946 | Seymour, 6,270 | |
| 1952 | Stevenson, 94,905 | EISENHOWER†, 91,522 | |
| 1956 | Stevenson, 81,570 | EISENHOWER†, 81,296 | |
| 1968 | Humphrey, 103,924 | NIXON†, 52,311 | Wallace, 18,896 |
| 1972 | McGovern, 116,534 | NIXON†, 60,220 | |
| 1976 | CARTER, 137,384 | Ford†, 28,498 | |
| 1980 | Carter, 145,205 | REAGAN†, 20,946 | Anderson, 3,612 |
| 1984 | Mondale, 168,174 | REAGAN†, 32,693 | |
| 1988 | Dukakis, 150,387 | BUSH†, 25,896 | |
| 1992 | CLINTON†, 194,639 | Bush, 31,634 | Perot, 16,950 |
| 1996 | CLINTON†, 170,819 | Dole, 22,204 | Perot, 6,395 |
| 2000 | Gore†, 188,289 | BUSH, 21,838 | Nader, 1,626 |
| 2004 | Kerry†, 230,613 | BUSH, 43,822 | |
| 2008 | OBAMA†, 260,869 | McCain, 28,676 | - |
| 2012 | OBAMA†, | Romney, |