Inda Sillasie is a tabia or municipality in the Dogu'a Tembien district of the Tigray Region of Ethiopia. The tabia centre is in Migichi village, located approximately 13 km to the south-southeast of the woreda town Hagere Selam.
Geography
The tabia stretches down from the foot of the Tsatsen ridge to Giba River, over a long ledge between the Inda Sillasie and Gra Agiam/Bitchoqo rivers. The highest peak is a hill at May Ch’elaqo and the lowest place is the confluence between Giba and Bitchoqo rivers.
Geology
From the higher to the lower locations, the following geological formations are present:
* Deep dark cracking clays with very good natural fertility, waterlogged during the wet season
* Brown to dark sands and silt loams on alluvium
Climate and hydrology
Climate and meteorology
The rainfall pattern shows a very high seasonality with 70 to 80% of the annual rain falling in July and August. Mean temperature in Migichi is 21 °C, oscillating between average daily minimum of 11.9 °C and maximum of 29.6 °C. The contrasts between day and night air temperatures are much larger than seasonal contrasts.
Rivers
The Giba River is the most important river in the surroundings of the tabia. It flows towards Tekezze River and further on to the Nile. This river and its affluents have incised deep gorges which characterise the landscape. The drainage network of the tabia is organised as follows:
Giba River, forming the southern boundary of the tabia
* Inda Sillasie River, at the border of Inda Sillasie and Amanit; further upstream it is called Rubaksa River, in tabia Mika’el Abiy
* Gra Adiam River, which becomes Bitchoqo River, at the border of tabias Amanit and Inda Sillasie
Whereas they are dry during most of the year, during the main rainy season, these rivers carry high runoff discharges, sometimes in the form of flash floods. Especially at the beginning of the rainy season the water is brown-coloured, evidencing high soil erosion rates. For instance, in the rainy season the Inda Sillasie river, near its outlet, has an average discharge of 9 m3per second, which amounts to 220 m3 per second during heavy storms. Annually, some 60,000 tonnes of sediment are exported from the 121 km2 large catchment.
Springs
As there are no permanent rivers in the uplands, the presence of springs is of utmost importance for the local people. The main springs in the tabia are:
Very strong springs at Dabba Hadera monastery
May Chelaqot in Akuwaw
Indasillasie Gedam in the gorge, downslope from Indaslassie village
Water harvesting
In this area with rains that last only for a couple of months per year, reservoirs of different sizes allow harvesting runoff from the rainy season for further use in the dry season.
Traditional surface water harvesting ponds, particularly in places without permanent springs, called rahaya
Horoyo, household ponds, recently constructed through campaigns
Vegetation and exclosures
The tabia holds several exclosures, areas that are set aside for regreening. Wood harvesting and livestock range are not allowed there. Besides effects on biodiversity, water infiltration, protection from flooding, sediment deposition, carbon sequestration, people commonly have economic benefits from these exclosures through grass harvesting, beekeeping and other non-timber forest products. The local inhabitants also consider it as “land set aside for future generations”. In this tabia, some exclosures are managed by the EthioTrees project. They have as an additional benefit that the villagers receive carbon credits for the sequestered CO2, as part of a carbon offset programme. The revenues are then reinvested in the villages, according to the priorities of the communities; it may be for an additional class in the village school, a water pond, conservation in the exclosures, or a store for incense. The following exclosures are managed by the Ethiotrees project in Inda Sillasie municipality:
The tabia centre Migichi holds a few administrative offices, a health post, a primary school, and some small shops. There are a few more primary schools across the tabia. The main other populated places are:
Agriculture and livelihood
The population lives essentially from crop farming, supplemented with off-season work in nearby towns. The land is dominated by farmlands which are clearly demarcated and are cropped every year. Hence the agricultural system is a permanent upland farming system. The farmers have adapted their cropping systems to the spatio-temporal variability in rainfall. Especially the youngsters will go to the deep gorge of Giba river to harvest incense from Boswellia papyrifera trees.
History and culture
History
The history of the tabia is strongly confounded with the history of Tembien.
Religion and churches
Most inhabitants are Orthodox Christians. The following churches are located in the tabia:
Sillasie monastery
Dabba Hadera monastery and well known destination of pilgrims
Kidane Mihret, in the forest, South of Dabba Hadera
In the main villages, there are traditional beer houses, often in unique settings, where people socialise. Well known in the tabia centre are Kidan Gebretekle and Fetli Gebregziabher.
Roads and communication
The main roadMekelle – Hagere Selam – Abiy Addi runs 10 to 15 km northwest of the tabia. A rural access road links most villages to the main asphalt road at Dongolo.
Tourism
Its mountainous nature makes the tabia fit for tourism. As compared to many other mountain areas in Ethiopia the villages are quite accessible, and during walks visitors may be invited for coffee, lunch or even for an overnight stay in a rural homestead. Dabba Hadera has grown into a pilgrimage centre where people stay for shorter or longer terms.
Touristic attractions
Sillasie monastery
Dabba Hadera monastery
Geotouristic sites
The high variability of geological formations and the rugged topography invite for geological and geographic tourism or "geotourism". Geosites in the tabia include:
Viewpoint from Migichi Mika’el church to the wider surroundings
Limestone landscapes
Deeply incised gorges
Anthropogenic incense landscape on the slopes of Giba gorge
