Indole-3-carboxaldehyde
Indole-3-carboxaldehyde, also known as indole-3-aldehyde and 3-formylindole, is a metabolite of dietary which is synthesized by human gastrointestinal bacteria, particularly species of the Lactobacillus genus. I3A is a biologically active metabolite which acts as a receptor agonist at the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in intestinal immune cells, in turn stimulating the production of interleukin-22 which facilitates mucosal reactivity.Chemistry
Indole-3-carboxaldehyde has antifungal properties, and partially accounts for the protection from chytridiomycosis seen in amphibian species which carry Janthinobacterium lividum on their skin.
