Indra's Pearls (book)


Indra's Pearls: The Vision of Felix Klein is a geometry book written by David Mumford, Caroline Series and David Wright, and published by Cambridge University Press in 2002 and 2015.
The book explores the patterns created by iterating conformal maps of the complex plane called Möbius transformations, and their connections with symmetry and self-similarity. These patterns were glimpsed by German mathematician Felix Klein, but modern computer graphics allows them to be fully visualised and explored in detail.

Title

The book's title refers to Indra's net, a metaphorical object described in the Buddhist text of the Flower Garland Sutra. Indra's net consists of an infinite array of gossamer strands and pearls. The frontispiece to Indra's Pearls quotes the following description:
The allusion to Felix Klein's "vision" is a reference to Klein's early investigations of Schottky groups and hand-drawn plots of their limit sets. It also refers to Klein's wider vision of the connections between group theory, symmetry and geometry - see Erlangen program.

Contents

The contents of Indra's Pearls are as follows:
, which appears in Chapter 7.
Indra's Pearls is unusual because it aims to give the reader a sense of the development of a real-life mathematical investigation, rather than just a formal presentation of the final results. It covers a broad span of topics, showing interconnections among geometry, number theory, abstract algebra and computer graphics. It shows how computers are used by contemporary mathematicians. It uses computer graphics, diagrams and cartoons to enhance its written explanations. In the authors' own words: