Industrial loan company
An industrial loan company or industrial bank is a financial institution in the United States that lends money, and may be owned by non-financial institutions. They provide niche financial services nationwide. ILCs offer FDIC-insured deposits and are subject to FDIC and state regulator oversight. All "FDIC-insured entities are subject to Sections 23A and 23B of the Federal Reserve Act, which limits bank transactions with affiliates, including the non-bank parent company." ILCs are permitted to have branches in multiple states. They are regulated and supervised by state-charters and insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. They are authorized to make consumer and commercial loans and accept federally insured deposits. Banks may not accept demand deposits if the bank has total assets greater than $100 million. ILCs are exempted from the Bank Holding Company Act.
ILCs assist numerous charities and provide millions of dollars annually in grants, low interest loans, and service through the Community Reinvestment Act. Currently, only seven states offer an ILC bank charter. Most ILCs have been chartered by the . Other states permitting ILCs include California, Colorado, Minnesota, Indiana, Hawaii, and Nevada.
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| US Industrial Banks | Assets as of June 30, 2018 |
| Balboa Thrift and Loan Association | 284,487,000 |
| Beal Bank USA | 683,563,000 |
| BMW Bank of North America | 9,996,155,000 |
| Celtic Bank | 773,453,000 |
| Comenity Capital Bank | 8,624,574,000 |
| Community Commerce Bank | 234,119,000 |
| Eaglemark Savings | 41,610,000 |
| EnerBank USA | 1,612,407,000 |
| Finance Factors, Ltd | 572,188,000 |
| First Electronic Bank | 23,789,000 |
| LCA Bank Corporation | 175,556,000 |
| Medallion Bank | 1,067,904,000 |
| Merrick Bank | 3,472,389,000 |
| Minnesota First Credit and Savings | 27,243,000 |
| Optum Bank, Inc | 8,737,662,000 |
| Pitney Bowes Bank, Inc. | 710,268,000 |
| Rancho Santa Fe Thrift and Loan | 74,420,000 |
| Sallie Mae Bank | 24,054,263,000 |
| Toyota Financial Savings Bank | 920,495,000 |
| The Morris Plan Company of Terre Haute | 75,005,000 |
| UBS Bank USA | 54,066,956,000 |
| USAA Savings Bank | 1,770,200,000 |
| WebBank | 725,896,000 |
| WEX Bank | 2,860,268,000 |
Origins of the concept
In 1910, attorney Arthur J. Morris opened the Fidelity Savings and Trust Company in Norfolk, Virginia, which made small loans to working people under a concept he called the "Morris Plan." Under this lending approach, would-be borrowers had to submit references from two people of like character and earning-power to prove the borrower's creditworthiness, and agreed to repay the loan through the purchase of Installment Thrift Certificates in weekly installments equal to the face value of the loan, less origination and investigative fees. Morris Plan Banks expanded to more than 100 locations in the United States.Morris Plan banks pioneered the use of automotive financing, and, through the subsidiary Morris Plan Insurance Society, credit life insurance.