Inyo County, California


Inyo County is a county in the eastern central part of California, located between the Sierra Nevada mountains and the state of Nevada. As of the 2010 census, the population was 18,546. The county seat is Independence.
Inyo County is on the east side of the Sierra Nevada and southeast of Yosemite National Park in Central California. It contains the Owens River Valley; it is flanked to the west by the Sierra Nevada and to the east by the White Mountains and the Inyo Mountains. With an area of 10,192 square miles, Inyo County is the second-largest county by area in California, after San Bernardino County. Almost one-half of that area is within Death Valley National Park. However, with a population density of 1.8 people per square mile, it also has the second-lowest population density in California, after Alpine County.

History

Present day Inyo county has been the :Category:Native American history of California|historic homeland for thousands of years of the Mono tribe, Coso people, Timbisha, Kawaiisu, and Southern Paiute Native Americans. They spoke the Paiute language, Timbisha language and the Mono language with Mono traditional narratives. The descendants of these ancestors continue to live in their traditional homelands in the Owens River Valley and in Death Valley National Park.
Inyo County was formed in 1866 out of the territory of the unorganized Coso County, which had been created on April 4, 1864 from parts of Mono and Tulare Counties. It acquired more territory from Mono County in 1870 and Kern County and San Bernardino County in 1872.
For many years it has been commonly believed that the county derived its name from the Mono tribe of Native Americans name for the mountains in its former homeland. Actually the name came to be thought of, mistakenly, as the name of the mountains to the east of the Owens Valley when the first whites there asked the local Paiutes what the name of the mountains to the east was.
The local Paiutes responded that that was the land of Inyo. They meant by this that those lands belonged to the Shoshone tribe headed by a man whose name was Inyo. Inyo was the name of the headman of the Panamint band of Paiute-Shoshone people at the time of contact when the first whites, the Bennett-Arcane Party of 1849, wandered, lost, into Death Valley on their expedition to the gold fields of western California. The Owens Valley whites misunderstood the local Paiute and thought that Inyo was the name of the mountains when actually it was the name of the chief, or headman, of the tribe that had those mountains as part of their homeland.
"Indian George", a fixture of many of the stories of early Death Valley days, was Inyo's son. Indian George's Shoshone name was "Bah-Vanda-Sa-Va-Nu-Kee", which means "The Boy Who Ran Away", a name he was given when he became terrified of the whites and their wheeled wagons and huge buffalo, none of which the Shoshone had ever seen before when they came wandering down Furnace Creek Wash in December 1849. In 1940, when Bah-vanda was around 100 years old, JC Boyles, a Panamint Shoshone who had become educated, came back to the Panamint Valley and interviewed Bah-Vanda at length about the early days of his life, including the events of 1849, and it is in this interview that Bah-vanda refers to his father, Inyo.
In order to provide water needs for the growing City of Los Angeles, water was diverted from the Owens River into the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913. The Owens River Valley cultures and environments changed substantially. From the 1910s to 1930s the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power purchased much of the valley for water rights and control. In 1941 the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power extended the Los Angeles Aqueduct system further upriver into the Mono Basin.

Natural history

Inyo County is host to a number of natural superlatives. Among them are:

Geography

, the highest peak in the contiguous United States, is on Inyo County's western border. The Badwater Basin in Death Valley National Park, the lowest place in North America, is in eastern Inyo County. The difference between the two points is about. They are not visible from each other, but both can be observed from the Panamint Range on the west side of Death Valley, above the Panamint Valley. Thus, Inyo County has the greatest elevation difference among all of the counties and county-equivalents in the contiguous United States.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of, of which is land and is water. It is the second-largest county by area in California and the ninth-largest in the United States.

Lakes

There are 22 official wilderness areas in Inyo County that are part of the National Wilderness Preservation System. This is the second-largest number of any county, exceeded only by San Bernardino County's 35 wilderness areas. Most of these are managed solely by the Bureau of Land Management, but four are integral components of Death Valley National Park or Inyo National Forest and are thus managed by either the National Park Service or the Forest Service. Some of these wilderness areas also extend into neighboring counties.
Except as noted, the wilderness areas are managed solely by the Bureau of Land Management and lie entirely within Inyo County:
Death Valley National Park is a mostly arid United States National Park located east of the Sierra Nevada mountain range in southern Inyo County and northern San Bernardino County in California, with a small extension into southwestern Nye County and extreme southern Esmeralda County in Nevada. In addition, there is an exclave in southern Nye County. The park covers, encompassing Saline Valley, a large part of Panamint Valley, almost all of Death Valley, and parts of several mountain ranges. Death Valley National Monument was proclaimed in 1933, placing the area under federal protection. In 1994, the monument was redesignated a national park, as well as being substantially expanded to include Saline and Eureka Valleys.
It is the hottest and driest of the national parks in the United States. It also features the second-lowest point in the Western Hemisphere and the lowest point in North America at the Badwater Basin, which is below sea level. It is home to many species of plants and animals that have adapted to this harsh desert environment. Some examples include Creosote Bush, Bighorn Sheep, Coyote, and the Death Valley Pupfish, a survivor of much wetter times. Approximately 95% of the park is designated as wilderness. Death Valley National Park is visited annually by more than 770,000 visitors who come to enjoy its diverse geologic features, desert wildlife, historic sites, scenery, clear night skies, and the solitude of the extreme desert environment.

Other parks

In 1993, Inyo County was filmed in Joshua Tree, starring Dolph Lundgren and George Segal.

Demographics

2011

Places by population, race, and income

2010

The 2010 United States Census reported that Inyo County had a population of 18,546. The racial makeup of Inyo County was 13,741 White, 109 African American, 2,121 Native American, 243 Asian, 16 Pacific Islander, 1,676 from other races, and 640 from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3,597 persons.

2000

At the 2000 census, there were 17,945 people, 7,703 households and 4,937 families residing in the county. The population density was 2 per square mile. There were 9,042 housing units at an average density of 1 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 80.1% White, 0.2% Black or African American, 10.0% Native American, 0.9% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 4.6% from other races, and 4.2% from two or more races. 12.6% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 16.4% were of German, 12.2% English, 10.6% Irish and 5.0% American ancestry according to Census 2000. 89.2% spoke English and 9.3% Spanish as their first language.
There were 7,703 households of which 27.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.8% were married couples living together, 9.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.9% were non-families. 31.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.88.
24.4% of the population were under the age of 18, 5.8% from 18 to 24, 23.4% from 25 to 44, 27.3% from 45 to 64, and 19.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females there were 95.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.9 males.
The median household income was $35,006 and the median family income was $44,970. Males had a median income of $37,270 versus $25,549 for females. The per capita income for the county was $19,639. About 9.3% of families and 12.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.0% of those under age 18 and 8.3% of those age 65 or over.

Politics

Voter registration

Cities by population and voter registration

Overview

Inyo is a strongly Republican county in Presidential and congressional elections. The last Democrat to win a majority in the county was Lyndon Johnson in 1964.
YearGOPDEMOthers
201651.94% 4,24838.57% 3,1559.48% 776
201254.01% 4,34042.58% 3,4223.41% 274
200852.88% 4,52343.76% 3,7433.37% 288
200459.09% 5,09138.88% 3,3502.03% 175
200060.31% 4,71333.93% 2,6525.76% 450
199651.84% 3,92434.36% 2,60113.79% 1,044
199243.58% 3,68931.84% 2,69524.58% 2,080
198864.34% 5,04233.85% 2,6531.81% 142
198470.32% 5,86328.30% 2,3601.38% 115
198064.79% 5,20125.91% 2,0809.30% 746
197658.23% 3,90539.29% 2,6352.48% 166
197268.07% 4,87328.02% 2,0063.91% 280
196854.45% 3,64134.60% 2,31410.95% 732
196446.51% 2,75153.44% 3,1610.05% 3
196054.65% 2,96245.07% 2,4430.28% 15
195666.19% 3,52433.47% 1,7820.34% 18
195268.87% 3,81930.62% 1,6980.50% 28
194855.79% 2,13540.21% 1,5394.00% 153
194450.64% 1,69949.09% 1,6470.27% 9
194044.53% 1,48354.65% 1,8200.81% 27
193636.47% 91262.38% 1,5601.16% 29
193230.91% 69864.61% 1,4594.47% 101
192857.37% 1,20640.96% 8611.67% 35
192447.52% 95012.81% 25639.67% 793
192057.20% 1,19532.65% 68210.15% 212
191641.96% 84647.92% 96610.12% 204
19120.49% 849.54% 80649.97% 813
190840.94% 58343.40% 61815.66% 223
190455.73% 45228.48% 23115.78% 128
190042.35% 39654.01% 5053.64% 34
189634.01% 28663.26% 5322.73% 23
189251.13% 40933.25% 26615.63% 125

In the California State Legislature, Inyo County is in, and.
The county is in.
On November 4, 2008, Inyo County voted 60.4% for Proposition 8 which amended the California Constitution to ban same-sex marriages.

Crime

The following table includes the number of incidents reported and the rate per 1,000 persons for each type of offense.

Cities by population and crime rates

County Sheriffs

School districts in Inyo County are:
Deep Springs College is a two-year alternative education college in Deep Springs Valley.

Notable locations

Major highways

operates intercity bus service along US 395, as well as local services in Bishop. Service extends south to Ridgecrest and north to Reno, Nevada.

Airports

, Independence Airport, Lone Pine Airport and Shoshone Airport are general aviation airports located near their respective cities. Stovepipe Wells Airport and Furnace Creek Airport are located in Death Valley National Park.

Communities

Cities

The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2010 census of Inyo County.
† county seat
RankCity/Town/etc.Municipal typePopulation
1BishopCity3,879
2Dixon Lane-Meadow CreekCDP2,645
3West BishopCDP2,607
4Lone PineCDP2,035
5Big PineCDP1,756
6Bishop ReservationAIAN1,588
7† IndependenceCDP669
8WilkersonCDP563
9Big Pine ReservationAIAN499
10Round ValleyCDP435
11MesaCDP251
12Lone Pine ReservationAIAN212
13OlanchaCDP192
14TecopaCDP150
15Fort Independence ReservationAIAN93
16CartagoCDP92
17KeelerCDP66
18Homewood CanyonCDP44
19DarwinCDP43
20ShoshoneCDP31
t-21Furnace CreekCDP24
t-21Timbi-Sha Shoshone ReservationAIAN24
22TronaCDP18
23PearsonvilleCDP17
24Valley WellsCDP0