Iraqi opposition (pre-2003)

• Shi'a groups in the south
• Kurds in the north, organizing in Iraqi Kurdistan since 1991
• Arab opposition groups suppressed in Baghdad

• the umbrella group Iraqi National Congress
• Three Kurdish factions:
• *Kurdistan Democratic Party
• *Patriotic Union of Kurdistan
• *Kurdistan Islamic Movement
• the monarchist group Iraqi Constitutional Monarchy
• the Iraqi National Accord
• the Iran-supported Iraqi Shi'a groups Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq and Islamic Dawa Party
• the Democratic July 14 Movement
• the pro-Syrian faction of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party
• the Iraqi Communist Party